Brigham Young

1801 - 1877

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°³Ã´ÀÚµéÀÌ Ã³À½ ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°î¿¡ µµÂøÇßÀ» ¶§, ±× °÷Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ »ìÁö ¾Ê´Â, ¸Å¿ì ¿ÜÁö°í °í¸³µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¶¥À̾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ µÎ°í ¶°³­, ¹°ÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÑ µ¿ºÎÀÇ ³óÀå°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ¸é ±× °÷Àº »ç¸·À̳ª ´Ù¸§¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±× °÷¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇÏ´Â µ¥´Â ½Å¾Ó°ú ³ë·ÂÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÇ¾úÁö¸¸, ¼ºµµµéÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ¼º°øÇϸ®¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ï°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. 1847³â ¸»±îÁö ÀÌõ ¸íÀÌ ³Ñ´Â ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°î¿¡ µµÂøÇßÀ¸¸ç, ³×ºê·¡½ºÄ« À©ÅÍÄõÅͽº¿Í ¾ÆÀÌ¿À¿Í¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ Àӽà Á¤ÂøÃÌ¿¡ ¸¸ÀÌõ ¸í °¡·®ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸ÕÀú µµÂøÇÑ »ç¶÷µé°ú ÇÕ·ùÇÒ ³¯À» ±â´Ù·È´Ù. ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀåÀÇ ¿µ°¨ ¹ÞÀº ÁöÈÖ ÇÏ¿¡, Èı⠼ºµµµéÀº °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ·ÏÅ° »ê¸ÆÀ¸·Î ÁýÇÕÇßÀ¸¸ç, »ç¸·À» Á¤º¹ÇÏ°í, ¾ÈÀüÇÑ Á¤ÂøÁö¸¦ ¸¸µé°í, ¿ë±â¸¦ °¡Áö°í ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ º¹À½À» Áö»ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸¹Àº ³ª¶ó¿¡ ÀüÆÄÇß´Ù.


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ȸÀåÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ÀÓ±â(1844~1877)

  • Born in Wittingham, Windham, Vermont, 1 June 1801
  • Baptized 1832
  • Ordained Elder 1832
  • Captain in Zion's Camp - 1834
  • Ordained Apostle 1835
  • President of Quorum of the Twelve 1838-47
  • Mission to Great Britain 1839-41
  • President of the Church 1847-77
  • Died 29 August 1877

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¼±ÁöÀÚ Á¶¼Á ½º¹Ì½º°¡ ¼ø±³ ´çÇßÀ» ¶§ ¸¹Àº ȸ¿øµéÀº ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿î¸í¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ÆÁ¤Çß´Ù. ´©°¡ ¼±ÁöÀÚ¸¦ °è½ÂÇÏ¿© ±³È¸¸¦ À̲ø °ÍÀΰ¡? ½ºÆæ¼­ ´õºí·ù Å´º¼ ȸÀåÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. ¡°ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Á¦ÀÏȸÀå´Ü °è½ÂÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ» ¶§, ȸº¹µÈ ±³È¸´Â °Ü¿ì 14¼¼µÈ ¾î¸°ÀÌ¿¡ ºÒ°úÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È ¼±ÁöÀÚµµ, ¡®½ÃÇö¡¯µµ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Ä«Å×Áö¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÅºÈ¯ÀÌ ±³È¸, °è½Ã, ¼±ÁöÀÚ¿Í °°Àº °ªÁø ÃູÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀÌ µÇ¾ú´ø ÇÑ ºÐÀÇ »ýÀ» ³¡³ª°Ô ÇßÀ» ¶§ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Àǽɿ¡ °¡µæÂ÷ ÀÖ¾úÀ½Àº ÀÌ»óÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. »çµµµéÀÌ ¼±±³Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ µ¹¾Æ¿Í¼­ ±×µéÀÇ µ¹¾Æ°¡½Å ¼±ÁöÀÚ¸¦ ¶¥¿¡ ¹¯°í³ª¼­ ±×µéÀÇ ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇßÀ» ¶§, ¸ðµç ÀǽÉÀº »ç¶óÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. ¼±ÀÓ »çµµ°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¸ðµç ¿­¼è¸¦ °®°í ¸ð¼¼¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼­¼­ ±æÀ» ¾È³»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.¡±(Conference Report, 1970³â 4¿ù, 119)

 

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1. ¡°¼±ÁöÀÚ Á¶¼Á°ú ÇÏÀÌ·³ ½º¹Ì½º°¡ Ä«Å×Áö °¨¿Á¿¡¼­ »ìÇصǾúÀ» ¶§, ½ÊÀ̻絵 Á¤¿øȸÀÇ ¸¹Àº ȸ¿øµé°ú ´Ù¸¥ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº ³ªºÎ¸¦ ¶°³ª ¼±±³ »ç¾÷À» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¸çÄ¥ÀÌ Áö³ª¼­ ±× ¼Ò½ÄÀ» µé¾ú´Ù. ºê¸®°Ë ¿µÀº ±× ¼Ò½ÄÀ» µé¾úÀ» ¶§, ½Å±Ç ÁöµµÀÚÀÇ ¿­¼è°¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ±³È¸¿¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±× ¿­¼èµéÀº ½ÊÀ̻絵 Á¤¿øȸ¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁ® ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±³È¸ ȸ¿øµéÀº ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ¼±ÁöÀÚ¿ä, ¼±°ßÀÚ¿ä, °è½ÃÀڷμ­ ´©°¡ Á¶¼Á ½º¹Ì½ºÀÇ ÈÄÀÓÀÚ°¡ µÉÁö ÀüÇô ¸ô¶ú´Ù.¡±

2. ¡°Á¦ÀÏȸÀå´Ü Á¦1º¸Á¿´´ø ½Ãµå´Ï ¸®±×µ·Àº 1844³â 8¿ù 3ÀÏ¿¡ Ææ½Çº£ÀÌ´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ ÇÇÃ÷¹ö±×¿¡¼­ ³ªºÎ·Î ¿Ô´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀü¿¡ ½Ãµå´Ï ¸®±×µ·Àº ¼±ÁöÀÚ Á¶¼Á ½º¹Ì½ºÀÇ ±Ç°í¿¡ ¾î±ß³ª´Â ±æÀ» °È±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© ±³È¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸Ö¾îÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ³ªºÎ¿¡ µµÂøÇØ ÀÖ´ø ¼¼ ¸íÀÇ »çµµ¿Í ¸¸³ª±â¸¦ °ÅÀýÇÏ°í, ±× ´ë½Å ÀÏ¿äÀÏ ¿¹¹è¿¡¼­ ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ¸ð¿´À» ¶§ ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ¼ºµµµé¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹«µµ Á¶¼Á ½º¹Ì½º¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÈ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¹Þ¾Ò´ø ½ÃÇö¿¡ ´ëÇØ À̾߱âÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ±³È¸ÀÇ º¸È£ÀÚ°¡ Áö¸íµÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ±× º¸È£ÀÚ´Â ½Ãµå´Ï ¸®±×µ·, ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×¸¦ ÁöÁöÇÏ´Â ¼ºµµµéÀº °ÅÀÇ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.¡±

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7. ¡°¼Ò¼öÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±³È¸ Á¦ÀÏȸÀå´ÜÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ ÁÖÀåÇϱâ´Â ÇßÀ¸³ª ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Èı⠼ºµµµé¿¡°Ô ½Â°èÀÇ °íºñ´Â Áö³ª°¬´Ù. ¼±ÀÓ »çµµÀÌÀÚ ½ÊÀ̻絵 Á¤¿øȸÀÇ È¸ÀåÀ̾ú´ø ºê¸®°Ë ¿µÀº Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ ±×ºÐÀÇ ¹é¼ºÀ» À̲øµµ·Ï ¼±ÅÃÇÑ »ç¶÷À̾úÀ¸¸ç, »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ¿© ±×¸¦ ÁöÁöÇÏ¿´´Ù.¡±(¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 66~67ÂÊ)

 

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1. ¡°±³È¸ÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº Àû¾îµµ 1834³âºÎÅÍ ¼ºµµµéÀ» ±×µéÀÌ ÆòÈ­·Ó°Ô »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ·ÏÅ° »ê¸Æ ¼­ÂÊÀ¸·Î ÀÌÁÖ½ÃÅ°´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ À̾߱âÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È ŽÇè°¡µé°ú ÇÔ²² ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ºÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ Åä·ÐÇÏ°í, Á¤ÂøÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ÀûÀýÇÑ Àå¼Ò¸¦ ã±â À§ÇØ Áöµµ¸¦ ¿¬±¸Çß´Ù. 1845³â ¸»¿¡ ±³È¸ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº ¼­ºÎ¿¡ °üÇØ ÀÔ¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¼Õ¿¡ ³Ö¾ú´Ù.¡±

2. ¡°³ªºÎ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¹ÚÇØ°¡ ½ÉÇØÁ® °¨¿¡ µû¶ó ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ¶°³ª¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀº ¸í¹éÇØÁ³´Ù. 1845³â 11¿ù¿¡ ³ªºÎ´Â ¶°³¯ Áغñ·Î ÇÑâÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌÁÖÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ¼ºµµµéÀ» À̲øµµ·Ï ¹éÀÎ Á¶Àå, ¿À½ÊÀÎ Á¶Àå, ½ÊÀÎ Á¶ÀåÀÌ ºÎ¸§ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. 100°³ÀÇ ±×·ìÀÌ °¢ÀÚ Çϳª ¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¸¶Â÷ °øÀåÀ» ¼¼¿ü´Ù. ¼ö·¹¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â »ç¶÷°ú ¸ñ¼ö¿Í °¡±¸ Á¦ÀÛÀÚµéÀº ¹ã´Ê°Ô±îÁö Àç¸ñÀ» ´Ùµë°í ¸¶Â÷¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ¼è¸¦ ±¸ÀÔÇϱâ À§ÇØ È¸¿øµéÀ» µ¿ºÎ·Î ÆÄ°ßÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ´ëÀåÀåÀ̵éÀº ¿©Çà¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¹°°Ç°ú »õ·Î¿î ½Ã¿ÂÀ» °³Ã´ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ ³ó±â±¸¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. °¡Á·µéÀº ½Ä·áÇ°°ú °¡Á¤¿ëÇ°À» ¸ð¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÀúÀå ¿ë±â¿¡ ¸»¸° °úÀÏ°ú ½Ò°ú ¹Ð°¡·ç¿Í ¾àÇ°À» ä¿ö ³Ö¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº °øÀÍÀ» À§ÇØ ÇÔ²² ÀÏÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×Åä·Ï ªÀº ±â°£¿¡ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÀϵéÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇß´Ù.¡±(¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 69ÂÊ)

 

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3. ¡°¿ø·¡´Â 1846³â 4¿ù¿¡ ³ªºÎ¸¦ ¹þ¾î³ª±â·Î °èȹµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÁÖÀÇ ¹Îº´´ë°¡ ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ¼­ºÎ·Î ¶°³ª´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·À¸·Á ÇÏ´Â À§Çù ¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÊÀ̻絵µé°ú ÁöµµÃþ¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã¹ÎµéÀº 1846³â 2¿ù 2ÀÏ¿¡ ¼­µÑ·¯ ¸ðÀÓÀ» °¡Á³´Ù. ±×µéÀº Áï½Ã ¼­ºÎ·Î Ãâ¹ßÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â µ¥ µ¿ÀÇÇßÀ¸¸ç, 2¿ù 4ÀÏ¿¡ Ãâ¹ßÇϱâ·Î Çß´Ù. ºê¸®°Ë ¿µÀÇ ÁöÈÖ ÇÏ¿¡ ¼ºµµµéÀÇ Ã¹¹ø° ±×·ìÀÌ °£ÀýÇÑ ¸¶À½À¸·Î ¿©ÇàÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× ¿­¸ÁÀº Ä¿´Ù¶õ ½ÃÇè¿¡ Á÷¸éÇß´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ´Ê°Ü¿ïÀÇ ³¯¾¾¿Í ¶æ¹ÛÀÇ º½ºñ·ÎºÎÅÍ ½¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ ¾ß¿µÁö¿¡ À̸£±â Àü¿¡ °¡¾ß ÇÒ ±æÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª ¸Ö¾ú±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù.¡±

4. ¡°¼ö¸¹Àº ¼ºµµµéÀº ¹ÚÇØÀڷκÎÅÍ ¾ÈÀüÇÑ °÷À¸·Î ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸ÕÀú ³ÐÀº ¹Ì½Ã½ÃÇÇ °­À» °Ç³Ê ¾ÆÀÌ¿À¿Í ¶¥À¸·Î °¡¾ß Çß´Ù. ¿©Çà ±æÀÇ À§ÇèÀº Ȳ¼Ò°¡ ¼ö¸¹Àº ¼ºµµµéÀ» ½Ç¾î ³ª¸£´ø º¸Æ®¸¦ ¹ß·Î Â÷¼­ ±¸¸ÛÀ» ³» º¸Æ®°¡ Àá±æ ¶§ºÎÅÍ ÀÌ¹Ì ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ÇÑ ¸ñ°ÝÀÚ´Â ±× ºÒ¿îÇÑ ½Â°´µéÀÌ ±êÅРħ±¸¿Í ³ª¹« ¸·´ë±â¿¡ ¸Å´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ¡®±×µéÀº ÆÇÀÚ, ¶Ç´Â ÀâÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó¸é ¹«¾ùÀ̵çÁö Àâ°í ¸Å´Þ·Á¼­, Â÷°©°í ¹«ÀÚºñÇÑ Æĵµ°¡ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ´ë·Î ¹° À§¿¡¼­ ¿À¸£¶ô³»¸®¶ôÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡¦ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Àá±âÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸¶Â÷ ²À´ë±â·Î ±â¾î ¿Ã¶ó°¡¼­ º¸Æ®¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ¼ÒµéÀÌ ¸ñÀûÁöÀÇ °­±â½¾À¸·Î Çì¾öÃÄ °¡´Â µ¿¾È Á»´õ ÆíÇÏ°Ô ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.¡¯[Juanita Brooks, ed., On the Mormon Frontier: The Diary of Hosea Stout, 2±Ç. (1964) 1:114; ¶ÇÇÑ 1:117 ÂüÁ¶] ¸¶Ä§³» ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹è À§·Î ±¸Á¶µÇ¾î °Ç³ÊÆí °­±â½¾¿¡ ´ê¾Ò´Ù.¡±

5. ¡°Ã³À½À¸·Î °­À» °Ç³Í Áö 2ÁÖ ÈÄ, ±× °­Àº Çѵ¿¾È ¾ó¾îºÙ¾ú´Ù. ¾óÀ½ÀÌ¶ó¼­ ¹Ì²ô·´±ä ÇßÁö¸¸ ¸¶Â÷¿Í ¸»ÀÇ ¹«°Ô¸¦ °¨´çÇØ Á־ º¸´Ù ½±°Ô °­À» °Ç³Î ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´« ¼ÓÀ» °É¾î°¥ ¶§ ¼ºµµµéÀº Ãß¿î ³¯¾¾ ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸÷½Ã ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °Þ¾ú´Ù. °­ °Ç³ÊÆíÀÇ ½´°¡ Å©¸®Å© ¾ß¿µÁö¿¡¼­´Â °è¼Ó ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ ºÒ¾î ´«ÀÌ °ÅÀÇ 20¼¾Æ¼¹ÌÅÍ Á¤µµÀÇ ³ôÀÌ·Î ½×¿´´Ù. ±× ÈÄ ´«ÀÌ ³ì´Â ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ¶¥¹Ù´ÚÀº ÁøÈëÅÁÀÌ µÇ¾î ¹ö·È´Ù. °è¼Ó ÁøÇàÇ϶ó´Â ¸í·ÉÀ» ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È, ÅÙÆ®¿Í ¸¶Â÷¿Í ¼­µÑ·¯ ÁöÀº ¿ÀµÎ¸·¿¡¼­ ¿õÅ©¸®°í ÀÖ´Â ¼ºµµµé¿¡°Ô Çϴðú ¶¥ ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿ä¼Ò°¡ ¾î¿ï·Á »óȲÀ» ºñÂüÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.¡±

6. ¡°¿©Çà¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¾î·Á¿ü´ø ºÎºÐÀº ¾ÆÀÌ¿À¿Í¸¦ Åë°úÇÏ´Â Ãʱ⠴ܰ迴´Ù. È£¼¼¾Æ ½ºÅ¸¿ìÆ®´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ±â·ÏÇß´Ù. ¡®¹ãÀ» Áö³»±â À§ÇØ Ä§´ë õÀ¸·Î Àӽà õ¸·À» Áö¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ ¾Æ³»´Â °ÅÀÇ ÀϾ ¾ÉÀ» ¼öµµ ¾ø¾ú°í, ¾î¸° ¾Æµéµµ °í¿­·Î ½Ã´Þ¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº °ÅÀÇ ÀǽÄÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.¡¯[Juanita Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier: 1:117] ´Ù¸¥ ¸¹Àº ¼ºµµµéµµ ¿ª½Ã ¾öû³ª°Ô ¸¹Àº ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °Þ¾ú´Ù.¡±(¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 69~70ÂÊ)

 

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7. ¡°¼ºµµµéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Å¾Ó°ú ¿ë±â¿Í °á½ÉÀ» ÅëÇØ ÃßÀ§¿Í ±¾ÁÖ¸²°ú »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Á×À½À» À̰ܳª°¬´Ù. Àª¸®¾ö Ŭ·¹ÀÌÆ°Àº ºÒ°ú ÇÑ ´Þ ÈÄ¿¡ ù ¾Æ±â¸¦ ³ºÀ» ¾Æ³» µð¾È»ç¿Í ±×³àÀÇ ºÎ¸ðµéÀ» µÎ°í, ³ªºÎ¸¦ ¶°³ª´Â ù¹ø° ±×·ì¿¡ ¼ÓÇϵµ·Ï ºÎ¸§À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¾Æ³»°¡ Àß ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿°·ÁÇϸ鼭 ÁøÈë ±æÀ» °È°í Ãß¿î ÅÙÆ®¿¡¼­ ¾ß¿µÇÑ Å¿¿¡ ±×´Â ½Å°æÀÌ ¸÷½Ã ¼è¾àÇØÁ³´Ù. µÎ ´ÞÀÌ Áö³­ ÈÄ¿¡µµ ±×´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¾Æ³»°¡ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô Ãâ»êÇß´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇßÀ¸³ª ¸¶Ä§³»¡®°Ç°­ÇÏ°í ÅëÅëÇÑ ¾Æµé¡¯ÀÌ Å¾´Ù´Â ±â»Û ¼Ò½ÄÀ» µé¾ú´Ù. Àª¸®¾öÀº ±× ¼Ò½ÄÀ» µèÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ÁÖÀú¾É¾Æ¼­, ÀÚ±â Àڽſ¡°Ô Ưº°ÇÑ Àǹ̰¡ µÇ°í ¿©·¯ ¼¼´ë µ¿¾È ±³È¸ ȸ¿øµé¿¡°Ô´Â ¿µ°¨°ú °¨»çÀÇ ¼Û°¡°¡ µÉ ³ë·¡¸¦ ½è´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº¡®¼ºµµµé¾Æ µÎ·Á¿ï °Í ¾ø´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ³ë·¡·Î¼­ À¯¸íÇÑ ±× °¡»ç¿¡´Â ±×ÀÇ ½Å¾Ó°ú, ¿ª°æ °¡¿îµ¥¼­¡®¸ðµç °Í ÀߵǸ®! ¸ðµç °Í ÀߵǸ®!¡¯[James B. Allen, Trials of Discipleship: The Story of William Clayton, a Mormon(1987), 202ÂÊ ÂüÁ¶]¶ó°í ³ë·¡Çß´ø ¼ö¸¹Àº ¼ºµµµéÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀÌ Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ µÚ¸¦ µû¶ú´ø ȸ¿øµé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ±×µéµµ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹¿¡¼­ Èñ»ýÇÏ°í ¼øÁ¾ÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë°¡·Î ±â»Ý°ú ÆòÈ­¸¦ ´À²¼´Ù.¡±(¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 71ÂÊ)

 

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8. ¡°¼ºµµµéÀÌ ³ªºÎ·ÎºÎÅÍ 499ų·Î¹ÌÅÍ ¶³¾îÁø ¼­ºÎ ¾ÆÀÌ¿À¿ÍÀÇ Á¤ÂøÁö¿¡ µµÂøÇÏ´Â µ¥´Â 131ÀÏÀÌ °É·È´Ù. ±× °÷Àº ±×µéÀÌ 1846³â¿¡¼­ 1847³â±îÁöÀÇ °Ü¿ïÀ» Áö³»°í ·ÏÅ° »ê¸ÆÀ¸·Î ¿©ÇàÇÒ Áغñ¸¦ ÇÒ °÷À̾ú´Ù. ±× ¶§±îÁöÀÇ °æÇèÀ» ÅëÇØ ±×µéÀº 1,609ų·Î¹ÌÅͳª µÇ´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ Æò¿øÀ» º¸´Ù »¡¸® °Ç³Ê°¡´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¿©Çà Áö½ÄÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÍÇû±â ¶§¹®¿¡ À̵ëÇØ¿¡´Â 111ÀÏ Á¤µµ °É·Á ±×°ÍÀ» Çس´Ù.¡±

9. ¡°¸¹Àº ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ¹ÌÁÖ¸® °­ÀÇ ¾çÂÊÀ» µû¶ó Á¤ÂøÇß´Ù. °¡Àå Å« Á¤ÂøÁö´Â À©ÅÍÄõÅͽº¿´´Âµ¥ ¼­ºÎÀÇ ³×ºê¶ó½ºÄ«¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×°÷Àº ¾à 3,500¸í Á¤µµÀÇ ±³È¸ ȸ¿øµé¿¡°Ô ±Ý¼¼ ¾È½Äó°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼ºµµµéÀº Å볪¹« ÁýÀ̳ª ¹öµå³ª¹«¿Í ÈëÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç ¿òÁý¿¡¼­ »ì¾Ò´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¹ÌÁÖ¸® °­ÀÇ ¾ÆÀÌ¿À¿Í ÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÄÉÀνººôÀ̶õ °÷°ú ±× ÁÖÀ§¿¡´Â 2,500¸í Á¤µµÀÇ ¼ºµµµéÀÌ »ì¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ Á¤ÂøÁöÀÇ »ýÈ°¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀº ¿©Çà Áß¿¡ °Þ¾ú´ø °Í°ú °ÅÀÇ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °Þ¾ú´Ù. ¿©¸§¿¡´Â ¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ ¿­º´À¸·Î °íÅëÀ» °Þ¾ú´Ù. °Ü¿ïÀÌ µÇ¾î ½Å¼±ÇÑ À½½ÄÀ» ÀüÇô ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§´Â Àü¿°¼º ÄÝ·¹¶ó, ±«Ç÷º´, Ä¡Åë, ¾ß¸ÍÁõ, ½ÉÇÑ ¼³»ç·Î °íÅëÀ» °Þ¾ú´Ù. ¼ö¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á×¾ú´Ù.¡±

10. ¡°±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í »ýÈ°Àº °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù. ³²ÆíÀÎ »õ¹Â¾óÀÌ ½ºÄÚƲ·£µå·Î ¼±±³»ç¾÷À» ¶°³­ ¸Þ¸® ¸®Â÷ÁîÀÇ ¸»¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ¿©ÀεéÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ û¼ÒÇÏ°í, ´Ù¸²ÁúÇÏ°í, ¼¼Å¹ÇÏ°í, ¹Ù´ÀÁúÇÏ°í, ÆíÁöµµ ¾²¸ç, ºÎÁ·ÇÑ ½Ä·áÇ°À¸·Î ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÁغñÇÏ°í, °¡Á·µéÀ» µ¹º¸´Â µ¥ ½Ã°£À» º¸³Â´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ½ÅÇÐ Åä·Ð, Ãã, ±³È¸ ¸ðÀÓ, ÆÄƼ ¹× °³Ã´ÀÚ À翬°ú °°Àº È°µ¿À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¸Þ¸®´Â À©ÅÍÄõÅͽº¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼ºµµµéÀÇ »ýÈ°À» ¹à°Ô ±â·ÏÇß´Ù.¡±

11. ¡°³²ÀÚµéÀº ÇÔ²² ÀÏÇßÀ¸¸ç, Á¾Á¾ ¸¸³ª¼­ ¿©Çà °èȹ°ú ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ Á¤ÂøÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÅäÀÇÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº Áú¼­ÀÖ°Ô Çù·ÂÇÏ¿© Ä·ÇÁ ¿Ü°ûÀÇ ÃÊ¿ø¿¡¼­ °¡ÃàÀ» ¸ô¾Æ Ç®À» ¸Ô¿´´Ù. ¶Ç µéÆÇ¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÏ°í Á¤ÂøÁö ÁÖº¯À» ÁöÄ×À¸¸ç, Á¦ºÐ¼Ò¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ¿òÁ÷¿´°í, ¿©ÇàÀ» À§ÇØ ¸¶Â÷¸¦ ÁغñÇßÀ¸¸ç, Á¾Á¾ °ú·Î¿Í º´À¸·Î °íÅëÀ» °Þ¾ú´Ù. ±×µé Áß ¸î¸îÀº ºñÀ̱âÀûÀÎ »ç¶ûÀ¸·Î µéÆÇÀ» °¥¾Æ¼­ µÚµû¶ó¿Ã ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ¼öÈ®ÇÏ°Ô µÉ ÀÛ¹°À» ½É¾ú´Ù.¡±

12. ¡°[·Î·»Á¶] ¿µÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÎ Á¸Àº À©ÅÍÄõÅͽº¸¦¡®¸ô¸óÀÇ ¹ë¸® Æ÷Áö¡¯¶ó°í ºÒ·¶´Ù. ±×´Â ±× °÷ÀÇ °øµ¿ ¹¦Áö °¡±îÀÌ¿¡ »ì¾ÒÀ¸¹Ç·Î¡®³Ê¹«³ª ÀÚÁÖ ¹® ¾ÕÀ» Áö³ª°¡´Â ÀÛ°í ½½Ç ¸ð½ÀÀÇ Çà·Ä¡¯À» ¸ñ°ÝÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ¿Á¼ö¼ö »§°ú ¼Ò±Ý¿¡ ÀýÀÎ º£ÀÌÄÁ°ú ¼Ò·®ÀÇ ¿ìÀ¯·Î Â÷·ÁÁø ÀÚ±â ÁýÀÇ ½Ä»ç°¡¡®¾ó¸¶³ª ÃʶóÇÏ°í ´Ã ¶È°°¾Æ¡¯º¸¿´´ÂÁö ȸ»óÇϸ鼭, °ÉÂßÇÑ ¿Á¼ö¼ö Á×°ú º£ÀÌÄÁ¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª ½Ä»óÇؼ­ ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸¶Ä¡ ¾àÀ» ¸Ô´Â °Í°ú °°¾Ò°í, À½½ÄÀ» »ïÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ Èûµé¾ú´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. [Russell R. Rich, Ensign to the Nations (1972), 92ÂÊ ÂüÁ¶] ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼ºµµµéÀÇ ½Å¾Ó°ú Çå½Å¸¸ÀÌ ÀÌ ¾î·Á¿î ½Ã±â¸¦ Åë°úÇÏ°Ô ÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.¡± (¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 71~72ÂÊ)

 

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13. ¡°¼ºµµµéÀÌ ¾ÆÀÌ¿À¿Í¿¡ ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È ¹Ì À°±º º´»ç ¸ðÁý´ë°¡ ±³È¸ ÁöµµÀڵ鿡°Ô 1846³â 5¿ù¿¡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ¸ß½ÃÄÚ ÀüÀï¿¡ Âü°¡ÇÒ Æİߴ븦 º¸³» ´Þ¶ó°í ¿äûÇß´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡ ¸ô¸ó ´ë´ë·Î ºÒ¸®°Ô µÈ À̵éÀº ¹Ì±¹ ³²ºÎ¸¦ °¡·ÎÁú·¯ Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ·Î Ç౺ÇØ °¡¾ß ÇßÀ¸¸ç, µ·°ú ÀǺ¹°ú ¾ç½ÄÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ºê¸®°Ë ¿µÀº ³ªºÎ·ÎºÎÅÍ °¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸ðÀ¸°í °¢ º´»çµéÀÇ °¡Á·À» µ½±â À§ÇÑ µ·À» Á¶´ÞÇÏ´Â ÇÑ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î½á ³²Àڵ鿡°Ô Âü°¡Çϵµ·Ï °Ý·ÁÇß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ» ÅëÇØ Á¤ºÎ¿Í Çù·ÂÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±¹°¡¿¡ ±³È¸ ȸ¿øµéÀÇ Ã漺½ÉÀ» º¸¿© ÁÖ°í, ¶Ç ±×µéÀÌ °øÀ¯Áö¿Í Àεð¾ð Áö¿ª¿¡ Àӽ÷Π°ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â Á¤´çÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ´ë ÁÖ´Â ÀÏÀ̾ú´Ù. °á±¹ 541¸íÀÇ ³²ÀÚµéÀÌ ÁöµµÀÚÀÇ ±Ç°í¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿© ÀÔ´ëÇß´Ù. 33¸íÀÇ ¿©Àΰú 42¸íÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ±×µéÀ» µû¶ó°¬´Ù.¡±

14. ¡°±× ¾î·Á¿î ½Ã±â¿¡ ¾Æ³»¿Í ÀÚ³àµéÀ» Ȧ·Î µÎ°í ¶°³ª´Â ½½ÇÄ ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ë´ë¿øµé¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î ÀüÀïÅÍ·Î ³ª°¡´Â ½Ã·ÃÀº º¹ÇÕÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. Àª¸®¾ö ÇÏÀ̵å´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ È¸»óÇß´Ù.¡±

15. ¡°ÀÌ ¾î·Á¿î ½Ã±â¿¡ °¡Á·À» µÎ°í ¶°³­´Ù´Â °ÍÀº Çü¾ðÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ´À³¦À̾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº °íÇâÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¿©¸§¿£ ºÒºµ °°Àº ÇÞºûÀÌ ³»¸®ºñÄ¡°í, °Ü¿ïÀÌ ¿À¸é 12¿ùÀÇ Â÷°¡¿î ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ ºÒ¾î ´î, Ȳ·®ÇÏ°í ¾µ¾µÇÑ ¿Üµý Æò¿ø¿¡ ¸¶Â÷¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í´Â Áýµµ ¾ø´Â óÁö¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.¡±

16. ¡°¡®³»°Õ ¾Æ³»¿Í ¾î¸° µÎ ¾ÆÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥ ±×µéÀº ¿¬·ÎÇÑ ºÎ¸ð¿Í ³²µ¿»ý ÇÑ ¸í°ú ÇÔ²² ³²¾Ò´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ´ë¿øµéÀÌ °¡Á·°ú Çì¾îÁ³´Ù. ¡¦ ±×µé°ú ´Ù½Ã ¸¸³¯ ¶§°¡ ¾ðÁ¦ÀÎÁö´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ Çϳª´Ô¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ¼Ì´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¿ì¸®´Â ÀüÇô ºÒÆòÇÏ´Â ¸¶À½À» °®Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.¡¯¡±[in Readings in LDS Church History: From Original Manuscripts, ed. William E. Berett and Alma P. Burton, 3 vols. (1965), 2:221]

17. ¡°¸ô¸ó ´ë´ë´Â ºÎÁ·ÇÑ ½Ä·®°ú ¹°, ±×¸®°í ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ È޽İú ¹ÌÈíÇÑ ÀÇ·á ÇýÅÃ, ±Þ¼ÓÇÑ Ç౺À¸·Î °íÅëÀ» °ÞÀ¸¸ç, ³²¼­ÂÊÀÇ Ä¶¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ·Î 3,267ų·Î¹ÌÅ͸¦ Ç౺ÇØ °¬´Ù. ±×µéÀº »÷µð¿¡ÀÌ°í¿Í »ê·çÀ̽º ¹× ·Î½º¿£Á©·¹½º¿¡¼­ Á¡·É±ºÀ¸·Î ÁÖµÐÇß´Ù. º´Àû ±â°£ÀÌ ³¡³ªÀÚ ±×µéÀº Á¦´ëÇÏ¿© °¡Á·µé¿¡°Ô µ¹¾Æ°¡µµ·Ï Çã¶ô ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö°í¿Í Ã漺À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ±×µéÀ» ÁöÈÖÇÏ´ø »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¸°æÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.¡±

18. ¡°Á¦´ëÇÑ ÈÄ, ¸¹Àº ´ë¿øµéÀÌ Àá½Ã µ¿¾È Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ¿¡ ¸Ó¹°¸é¼­ ÀÏÇß´Ù. ±× Áß ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº ºÏÂÊÀÇ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« °­À¸·Î °¡¼­ Á¸ ¼ÅÅß Á¦Àç¼Ò¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇߴµ¥, ±× °÷¿¡¼­´Â 1848³â¿¡ ±ÝÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾î ±× À¯¸íÇÑ Ä¶¸®Æ÷´Ï¾ÆÀÇ °ñµå ·¯½Ã¸¦ ÀçÃËÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Èı⠼ºµµ ÇüÁ¦µéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ Çà¿îÀ» Àâ±â À§ÇØ Ä¶¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ¿¡ ¸Ó¹°Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ¸¶À½Àº Èûµé°Ô ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ Æò¿øÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯¼­ ¼­ÂÊÀÇ ·ÏÅ° »ê¸ÆÀ¸·Î °¡´Â ÇüÁ¦ Àڸŵé°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×µé Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀÎ Á¦ÀÓ½º ¿¡½º ºê¶ó¿îÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.¡±

19. ¡°¡®±× ÀÌ·¡·Î ³ª´Â Áö»óÀÇ ºÎ°¡ ÀÖ´Â ±× Àå¼Ò¸¦ °áÄÚ º¸Áö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀ» ÈÄȸÇÑ Àûµµ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ³» ¾Õ¿¡´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±Ýº¸´Ù ´õ °í±ÍÇÑ ¸ñÇ¥°¡ ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¡¦ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ºÐ°£ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÒÁö ¸ð¸¨´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ±× ¶¥¿¡¼­ ºÎ¸¦ º¸¾Ò°í, ±×´ë·Î ¸Ó¹°¶ó´Â ±ÇÀ¯µµ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Þ¾ÒÁö¸¸, 40³â ÀÌ»óÀÌ Áö³­ ÈÄ¿¡µµ ±×°ÍÀ» ÈÄȸÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í µ¹¾Æº¾´Ï´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº¡®¹ÙÀ§ ¹Ø¿¡µµ ¾ð´ö À§¿¡µµ ½Ã³Á¹° ¼Ó¿¡µµ ¾îµð¿¡µç ±ÝÀÌ ÀÖ¾î ¡¦ ÀÚ³Ù °ð È¥ÀÚ ¼³ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Àç»êÀ» ¸ðÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾î.¡¯¶ó°í ¸»Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ» Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, ¿ì¸®´Â Àǹ«¸¦ ¶°¿Ã·È½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸í¿¹°¡ °É¸° ¹®Á¦¿´À¸¸ç, ¿ì¸®´Â ¼­¾àÀ» ¸Î¾ú°í, ÁöÄÑ¾ß ÇÒ ¿ø¸®°¡ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¿ì¸®¿¡°Õ Çϳª´Ô°ú ±×ÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ÀÌ ¿ì¼±À̾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Ä£±¸¿Í ģôµéÀÌ ±¤¾ß¿Í ó³àÁö¿Í »ç¸·¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ´©°¡ ±×µéÀÇ »óŸ¦ ¾Ë°Ú½À´Ï±î? ¿ì¸®´Â ¾ËÁö ¸øÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®¿¡°Õ Áñ°Å¿ò°ú ºÎº¸´Ù Àǹ«°¡ ¸ÕÀú¿´À¸¸ç, ±×·¯ÇÑ ´À³¦À¸·Î ¿ì¸®´Â ±æÀ» ¶°³µ½À´Ï´Ù.¡¯[James S. Brown, Giant of the Lord: Life of Pioneer(1960), 120] ÀÌ ÇüÁ¦µéÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ÀÌ Áö»óÀÇ ¾î¶² ¹°Áúº¸´Ù ´õ¿í °¡Ä¡ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¾Ë°í, ±×¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±æÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù.¡± (¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 72~74)

 

ºê·èŬ¸° È£ÀÇ ¼ºµµµé

20. ¡°´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ³ªºÎ¿¡¼­ À°·Î¸¦ ÅëÇØ ·ÏÅ° »ê¸ÆÀ¸·Î °¬Áö¸¸, ¹Ì±¹ µ¿ºÎÀÇ ¾î¶² ¼ºµµµéÀº ¹Ù´Ù¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿©ÇàÇß´Ù. 1846³â 2¿ù 4ÀÏ¿¡ 70¸íÀÇ ³²ÀÚ¿Í 68¸íÀÇ ¿©ÀÚ, ±×¸®°í 100¸íÀÇ ¾î¸°À̵éÀÌ ºê·èŬ¸° È£¸¦ Ÿ°í ´º¿å Ç׿¡¼­ Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÇؾÈÀ¸·Î 27,358ų·Î¹ÌÅ͸¦ ¿©ÇàÇß´Ù. ±× Ç×ÇØ µ¿¾È ¾ÖƲ·£Æ½°ú ÆÛ½ÃÇÈÀ̶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ ¾î¸°ÀÌ µÎ ¸íÀÌ Å¾°í, 12¸íÀÌ Á×¾ú´Ù.¡±

21. ¡°6°³¿ù µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ¿©ÇàÀº ¸÷½Ã Èûµé¾ú´Ù. ¿­´ë Áö¹æÀÇ ´õÀ§ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ½Â°´Àº ¸÷½Ã ºÕº³°í, À½½Ä°ú ¹°µµ ¸ðµÎ ÇüÆí¾ø¾ú´Ù. ÄÉÀÌÇÁÈ¥À» µ· ÈÄ ±×µéÀº ÈÄ¾È Æ丣³­µ¥Áî ¼¶¿¡ »ó·úÇÏ¿© 5ÀÏ µ¿¾È ÈÞ½ÄÀ» ÃëÇß´Ù. ij·Ñ¸° ¾Æ¿ì±¸½ºÅ¸ ÆÛŲ½º´Â¡®´Ù½Ã ÇÑ ¹ø ´Ü´ÜÇÑ ¶¥À» º¸°í ¹â´Â °ÍÀº ¼±»ó »ýÈ°¿¡ Ä¿´Ù¶õ À§·Î°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ» °¨»çÇÏ°Ô ¿©°åÀ¸¸ç, ±× ¼ø°£À» Áñ°å´Ù.¡¯¶ó°í ȸ»óÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ½Å¼±ÇÑ ¹°¿¡¼­ ¸ñ¿åÀ» ÇÏ°í ¿ÊÀ» »¡¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, °úÀÏ°ú °¨ÀÚ¸¦ ¸ðÀ¸±âµµ ÇÏ°í, ¹°°í±â¿Í ¹ìÀå¾î¸¦ Àâ±âµµ ÇÏ°í, ¡®·Îºó½¼ Å©·ç¼Ò µ¿±¼¡¯À» ŽÇèÇÏ¸ç ¼¶À» µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï±âµµ Çß´Ù.¡±[Caroline Augusta Perkins, quoted in ¡°The Ship Brooklyn Saints,¡±Our Pioneer Heritage (1960), 506]

22. ¡°1846³â 7¿ù 31ÀÏ¿¡ ±×µéÀº ½ÉÇÑ Æødz¿ì¿Í ºÎÁ·ÇØÁö´Â ½Ä·®°ú ¿À·§ µ¿¾ÈÀÇ Ç×ÇØ·Î Á¡Ã¶µÈ ¿©ÇàÀ» ¸¶Ä¡°í »÷ÇÁ¶õ½Ã½ºÄÚ¿¡ µµÂøÇß´Ù. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ±× °÷¿¡ ¸Ó¹°·¯¼­ ´ºÈ£ÇÁ¶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ °ÅÁÖÁö¸¦ ¼¼¿üÀ¸¸ç, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×·¹ÀÌÆ® º£ÀÌÁø¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼ºµµµé°ú ÇÕ·ùÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ê¸ÆÀ» ³Ñ¾î µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·Î °¬´Ù.¡±(¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 74~75)

 

°è¼ÓµÇ´Â ÁýÇÕ

23. ¡°¹Ì±¹ Àü¿ª°ú ´Ù¸¥ ¸¹Àº ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ Ãæ½ÇÇÑ °³Á¾ÀÚµéÀÌ ¸»À» Ÿ°Å³ª °È°Å³ª, ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ±³Åë ¼ö´ÜÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³ª¶ó¿Í °íÇâÀ» µîÁö°í ¼ºµµµé°ú ÇÕ·ùÇÏ¿© ·ÏÅ° »ê¸ÆÀ¸·ÎÀÇ ±ä ¿©ÇàÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.¡±

24. ¡°1847³â 1¿ù¿¡ ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ¿µ°¨ ¹ÞÀº¡®À̽º¶ó¿¤ Áø¿µ¿¡ °üÇÑ ÁÖÀÇ ¸»¾¸°ú ¶æ¡¯(±³¸®¿Í ¼º¾à 136:1)À» ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¼­ºÎ·Î ÀÌÁÖÇÏ´Â °³Ã´ÀÚµéÀ» ´Ù½º¸®´Â Çå¹ýÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ´ë´ë°¡ Á¶Á÷µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×µé °¡¿îµ¥ ÀÖ´Â °úºÎ¿Í °í¾ÆµéÀ» µ¹º¸µµ·Ï Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁ³´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°úÀÇ °ü°è¿¡¼­ ¾Ç°ú Ž¿å°ú ´ÙÅùÀ» ¹ö·Á¾ß Çß´Ù. ¶Ç ±×µéÀº Áñ°Å¿ì¸é À½¾Ç°ú ±âµµ¿Í ÃãÀ¸·Î °¨»ç¸¦ º¸¿©¾ß Çß´Ù. ÁÖ´ÔÀº ¿µ ȸÀåÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼ºµµµé¿¡°Ô¡®°¡¼­ ³»°¡ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸¥ ´ë·Î ÇàÇÏ°í ³ÊÈñ ¿ø¼ö¸¦ µÎ·Á¿ö ¸»¶ó¡¯(±³¸®¿Í ¼º¾à 136:17)°í Çϼ̴Ù.¡±

25. ¡°Ã¹¹ø° °³Ã´ÀÚ ±×·ìÀÌ À©ÅÍÄõÅͽº¸¦ ¶°³¯ Áغñ¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§, Æȸ® ÇÇ ÇÁ·§ÀÌ ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ ¼±±³ »ç¾÷À» ¸¶Ä¡°í µ¹¾Æ¿Í, Á¸ Å×ÀÏ·¯°¡ ¿µ±¹ ¼ºµµµéÀÇ ¼±¹°À» °®°í µÚµû¶ó ¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù°í º¸°íÇß´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ³¯ Å×ÀÏ·¯ ÇüÁ¦°¡ ¿µ±¹ ȸ¿øµéÀÇ »ç¶û°ú ½Å¾ÓÀÇ Áõ°Å·Î½á ¿©ÇàÀÚµéÀ» µ½±â À§ÇØ º¸³½ ½ÊÀÏÁ¶¸¦ °®°í µµÂøÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ °³Ã´ÀÚµéÀÌ Çà·Î¸¦ °èȹÇÏ°í ÁÖÀ§ ȯ°æ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë°Ô ÇØ ÁÖ´Â µ¥ ÀÖ¾î ¸Å¿ì ±ÍÁßÇÏ´Ù°í ÀÔÁõµÈ °úÇÐ ±â±¸¸¦ °¡Á® ¿Ô´Ù. 1847³â 4¿ù 15ÀÏ¿¡ ºê¸®°Ë ¿µÀÌ À̲ô´Â ù¹ø° ´ë´ë°¡ Ãâ¹ßÇß´Ù. ±× ÈÄ 20³â¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ´ë·« 62,000¸íÀÇ ¼ºµµ°¡ ±×µéÀ» µû¶ó ½Ã¿Â¿¡ ÁýÇÕÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸¶Â÷¿Í ¼Õ¼ö·¹·Î Æò¿øÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯ °¬´Ù.¡±

26. ¡°µµÁß¿¡´Â ¾î·Á¿ò »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ³î¶ó¿î dz°æµµ ÀÌ ¿©ÇàÀÚµéÀ» ±â´Ù¶ó°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Á¶¼Á ¸ðÀ̳ʴ ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°î¿¡ µé¾î°¡±â À§ÇØ¡®Èûµç ½Ã±â¡¯¸¦ °Þ¾ú´Ù°í ȸ»óÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ¾öû³­ ¹öÆÈ·Î ¶¼¿Í Ä¿´Ù¶õ »ï³ª¹« ¾ð´ö°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÌÀü¿£ °áÄÚ º¸Áö ¸øÇß´ø °ÍµéÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ±¤´ëÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡ Çعٶó±â°¡ °¡µæ ÇǾî ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù°í ȸ»óÇß´Ù.¡±

27. ¡°¶ÇÇÑ ¼ºµµµéÀº À°Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ÇÇ°ïÀ» ÀØÀ» ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ½Å¾ÓÀ» °í¹«½ÃÄÑ ÁÖ´Â ÀϵéÀ» °æÇèÇß´Ù. ÇÏ·ç Á¾ÀÏ ¿©ÇàÇÏ°í ¸ð´ÚºÒ¿¡ ¿ä¸®ÇÑ À½½ÄÀ» ÃëÇÏ°í ³ª¼­, ³²ÀÚ¿Í ¿©ÀÚµéÀº ¹«¸®Áö¾î ¸ð¿©¼­ ±× ³¯ÀÇ È°µ¿À» ³íÀÇÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº º¹À½ ¿ø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇØ À̾߱⸦ ³ª´©°í ³ë·¡µµ ºÎ¸£¸ç Ããµµ Ãß°í ÇÔ²² ±âµµÇß´Ù.¡±

28. ¡°¼ºµµµéÀÌ ¼­¼­È÷ ¼­ÂÊÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¨¿¡ µû¶ó Á×À½ÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ ±×µéÀ» ã¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. 1850³â 6¿ù 23ÀÏ¿¡ Å©·£´Þ °¡Á·ÀÇ ¼ö´Â ¿­´Ù¼¸À̾ú´Ù. ±× ÁÖ°¡ ³¡³¯ ¶§±îÁö ½ÉÇÑ Àü¿°¼º ÄÝ·¹¶ó·Î °¡Á· Áß ÀÏ°ö ¸íÀÌ Á×¾ú´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¸çÄ¥ µ¿¾È¿¡ ´Ù¼¸ ¸íÀÌ ´õ Á×¾ú´Ù. ±× ÈÄ 6¿ù 30ÀÏ¿¡ Å©·£´Þ ÀڸŰ¡ ¾Æ±â¸¦ ³º´Ù°¡ ¾Æ±â¿Í ÇÔ²² Á×¾ú´Ù.¡±

29. ¡°¼ºµµµéÀº ºñ·Ï ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°îÀ¸·Î ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â Áß¿¡ ¸¹Àº ½Ã·ÃÀ» °Þ±â´Â ÇßÁö¸¸ ´ÜÇÕ, Çùµ¿, ³«ÃµÀûÀÎ Á¤½Åµé·Î °¡µæ Â÷ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ½Å¾Ó°ú ÁÖ´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çå½ÅÀ¸·Î ÇÔ²² °áÇÕÇÏ¿© °í³­ Áß¿¡¼­µµ ±â»ÝÀ» ã¾Ò´Ù.¡±(¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 75~76)

 

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30. ¡°1847³â 7¿ù 21ÀÏ¿¡ ù¹ø° °³Ã´ÀÚ ´ë´ëÀÇ ¿Ã½¼ ÇÁ·§°ú ¿¡¶ó½ºÅͽº ½º³ë¿ì°¡ ÀÌÁÖÀÚµéÀ» ¾Õ¿¡¼­ À̲ø°í ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°îÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¬´Ù. ±×µéÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ °£½ÅÈ÷ ÇìÄ¡°í ³ª°¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ¹«¼ºÇÏ°Ô ÀÚ¶õ Ç®°ú ³ó»ç Áþ±â¿¡ ÁÁÀº ¶¥°ú °è°î Àüü¸¦ Èê·¯ ´Ù´Ï´Â ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ ÀÛÀº ³Á¹°À» º¸¾Ò´Ù. 3ÀÏ ÈÄ¿¡ ÀåƼǪ½º¸¦ ¾Î°í ÀÖ´ø ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀåÀ» ÅÂ¿î ¸¶Â÷°¡ °è°îÀ¸·Î µé¾î¼­´Â Çù°î ÀÔ±¸¿¡ ´ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ±× ±¤°æÀ» µÑ·¯º¸¸é¼­ ±×µéÀÇ ¿©Çà¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿¹¾ðÀûÀÎ ÃູÀ» ÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¡®ÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ °÷ÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ±× °÷ÀÌ´Ù.¡¯¡±

31. ¡°µÚµû¸£´ø ¼ºµµµéµµ »ê¿¡¼­ ºüÁ®³ª¿ÀÀÚ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¾à¼ÓÀÇ ¶¥À» À¯½ÉÈ÷ ¹Ù¶óº¸¾Ò´Ù. ¼­ºÎÀÇ Å¾翡 ¾î½¿ÇÁ·¹ ºû³ª´Â ¼Ò±Ý È£¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Â ±× °è°îÀº ½ÃÇö°ú ¿¹¾ðÀÇ ´ë»óÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×µé°ú ±×µéÀÇ µÚ¸¦ µû¸£´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ²Þ²Ù¾ú´ø ¶¥À̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±×µéÀÇ Çdz­Ã³¿´´Ù. ±× °÷¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀº ·ÏÅ° »ê ÁßÀÇ °­´ëÇÑ ¹é¼ºÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.¡±

32. ¡°¸î ³â ÈÄ¿¡ ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ ¿Â °³Á¾ÀÚÀÎ ¸®¿À ±×¸®Çǽº º£ÀÌÄ¿´Â ±×³à°¡ ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ©½ÃƼ¸¦ óÀ½ º¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§ÀÇ ´À³¦À» ÀÌ·¸°Ô ±â·ÏÇß´Ù. ¡®µµ½Ã´Â ¡¦ ³×¸ðµéÀ» ºÒ·¯ ¸ðÀº °Íó·³ ³×¸ðÁö°Ô, ȤÀº ±¸È¹À¸·Î ¹ÝµíÇÏ°Ô ¹è¿­µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ ±¸È¹Àº 10¿¡ÀÌÄ¿¿´À¸¸ç ±×°ÍÀº 8°³ÀÇ Áö±¸·Î ³ª´µ¾îÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í °¢°¢ÀÇ Áö±¸¿¡ ÁýÀÌ ÇÑ Ã¤¾¿ µé¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â °¡¸¸È÷ ¼­¼­ ¹Ù¶óº¸¾Ò´Ù. ³» ´À³¦À» Àß ºÐ¼®ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾øÁö¸¸ ¾Æ¸¶ ±æ°í À§ÇèÇÑ ¿©ÇàÀ» ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ³ª¿Í ³ªÀÇ °¡Á·À» º¸»ìÆì ÁֽŠ°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â»Ý°ú °¨»çÀÇ ´À³¦ÀÌ °¡Àå ÄÇ´ø °Í °°´Ù.¡¯¡±[ ¡°Jean Rio Griffiths Baker Diary,¡±1851³â 9¿ù 29ÀÏ; in LDS Church Archives] (¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 76~77ÂÊ)

 

¿À´Ã³¯ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸ô¸ó °³Ã´ÀÚµéÀÌ °£ ±æÀ» µû¶ó°¥ ¼ö Àִ°¡?

¸ô¸ó °³Ã´ÀÚµéÀÌ °É¾î°£ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ±æÀº ¿À´Ã³¯ ÃßÀûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °ü½ÉÀÖ´Â ¿©ÇàÀڵ鿡°Ô µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ±â À§ÇØ Áöµµ¿Í ÇÔ²² ¾È³» Ã¥ÀÚµµ ¸¶·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©Çà·Î ÁÖº¯¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Àç»êÀÇ ÀϺδ ±³È¸ ¼ÒÀ¯À̸ç, ¿©ÇàÀÚµéÀÌ ±æÀ» ãµµ·Ï µ½±â À§ÇØ °÷°÷¿¡ ¹æ¹®ÀÚ ¼¾ÅÍ°¡ ¼¼¿öÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿©Çà·Î´Â ÁÖ ¹× Áö¹æ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯·Î µÇ¾î Àְųª, °³ÀÎ Àç»êÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. À̵é Áß ÀϺΠ»ç¶÷µéÀº ¿©ÇàÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¼ÒÀ¯¸¦ µ¹¾Æº¸°Ô Çã¶ôÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ ±æÀ» µû¶ó ¿©ÇàÀ» ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº Áö¹æ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¹ýÀ» ÁؼöÇØ¾ß Çϸç, Àç»êÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ Á¸ÁßÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

 

À¯Å¸¿¡¼­ ¼ºµµµéÀ» Á¤Âø½ÃÅ´

1. ¡°Æò¿øÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ¼ºµµµéÀÇ Ã¹¹ø° ÀÏÇàÀ» ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î À¯Å¸·Î ÀεµÇØ ¿Â ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ÀÌÁ¦ »ç¸·¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹À» °Ç¼³ÇÏ´Â ÀÏ¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» µ¹·È´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ºñÀü°ú Áöµµ·ÂÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ, ÇѶ§ ÇãÇã¹úÆÇÀ̾ú´ø »ç¸·ÀÌ ¼ºµµµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¹ø¼ºÇÏ´Â ¹®¸í°ú ¾È½Äó°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¼ÖÁ÷ ´ã¹éÇÑ Áö½Ã´Â ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ÅÍÀü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ²Þ²Ù°Ô ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹À» °Ç¼³Çϱâ À§ÇØ ±æÀ» ã¾Æ ¶°³ª´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.¡±

2. ¡°Ã¹¹ø° ¼ºµµµéÀÇ ÀÏÇàÀÌ µµÂøÇÑ Áö ÀÌƲ ÈÄ, ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀå°ú ¸î ¸íÀÇ ½ÊÀ̻絵´Â ¿µ ȸÀåÀÌ ³ªºÎ¸¦ ¶°³ª±â Àü¿¡ ½ÃÇöÀ¸·Î º¸¾Ò´ø »ê ÁßÅο¡ ÀÖ´Â µÕ±×·± Àýº®À¸·Î ¿Ã¶ó°¬´Ù. ±×µéÀº Àýº® ¾Æ·¡·Î ÆîÃÄÁø ±¤È°ÇÑ °è°îÀ» ³»·Á´Ù º¸¸é¼­ ¼¼°èÀÇ ¿­¹æÀÌ ÀÌ °÷¿¡¼­ ȯ¿µ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ¸ç ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ¹ø¿µ°ú ÆòÈ­¸¦ ´©¸± °÷ÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¿©±â¶ó´Â ¿¹¾ðÀ» Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±× ¾ð´öÀ» ¿£»çÀÎ(±âÄ¡)À̶ó°í À̸§ Áö¾ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÀÌ»ç¾ßÀÇ ¾à¼ÓÀÇ ¸»¾¸¿¡¼­ µý °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¡®¿©È£¿Í²²¼­ ¿­¹æÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© ±âÄ¡¸¦ ¼¼¿ì½Ã°í À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ Âѱä ÀÚµéÀ» ¸ðÀ¸½Ã¸ç¡¯(ÀÌ»ç¾ß 11:12)¡±

3. ¡°¿µ ȸÀåÀÇ Ã¹¹ø° °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ ¾÷¹« ¼öÇàÀº, 1847³â 7¿ù 28ÀÏ¿¡ ¼ºÀüÀ» °ÇÃàÇÒ Á᫐ ºÎÁö¸¦ ¼±Á¤ÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¼ºÀüÀÇ ¼³°è¿Í °ÇÃà¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °èȹ¿¡ Âø¼öÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁöÆÎÀ̸¦ ¼±Á¤ÇÑ ºÎÁö¿¡ ²È°í¼­, ±×´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡®ÀÌ °÷ÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¿ì¸®°¡ Çϳª´Ô²² ¹ÙÄ¥ ¼ºÀüÀ» Áö¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â °÷ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡¯ÀÌ ¼±¾ðÀº ¹Ù·Î ¾ó¸¶ Àü ³ªºÎ¸¦ ¶°³¯ ¶§ °­Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ºÀü ¿¹¹è ÀǽÄÀ» Áß´ÜÇØ¾ß Çß´ø ¼ºµµµé¿¡°Ô Å« À§¾ÈÀ» ÁÖ¾úÀ½¿¡ Ʋ¸²¾ø¾ú´Ù.¡±

4. ¡°8¿ù¿¡ ±³È¸ÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµé°ú ù¹ø° °³Ã´ÀÚ Áß ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´ÙÀ½ ÇØ¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ °¡Á·µéÀ» °è°îÀ¸·Î µ¥·Á°¥ Áغñ¸¦ Çϱâ À§ÇØ À©ÅÍÄõÅͽº·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ µ¹¾Æ¿Â Á÷ÈÄ¿¡, ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ°ú ½ÊÀ̻絵 Á¤¿øȸ´Â Á¦ÀÏȸÀå´ÜÀ» ÀçÁ¶Á÷ÇÒ ¶§°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °­ÇÑ ´À³¦À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ½ÊÀ̻絵 Á¤¿øȸÀÇ È¸ÀåÀ̾ú´ø ºê¸®°Ë ¿µÀÌ ±³È¸ÀÇ È¸ÀåÀ¸·Î ÁöÁö ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â È÷¹ö ½Ã Å´º¼°ú Àª¶óµå ¸®Â÷Á º¸Á·Π¼±ÅÃÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¼ºµµµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀ» ¸¸ÀåÀÏÄ¡·Î ÁöÁöÇß´Ù.¡±(¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 81~82ÂÊ)

 

°è°î¿¡¼­ÀÇ Ã¹¹ø° ÇØ

5. ¡°1847³â ¿©¸§ÀÌ °¡±â Àü¿¡ µÎ ±×·ìÀÇ ¼ºµµµéÀÇ ÀÏÇàÀÌ ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°î¿¡ ´õ µµÂøÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¾à 2,000¸íÀÇ È¸¿øµé·Î ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© ½ºÅ×ÀÌÅ©°¡ Á¶Á÷µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¶§¿¡ ´Ê°Ô °î½ÄÀ» ½É¾î ¼öÈ®ÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ Àû¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, À̵ëÇØ º½±îÁö ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ ½Ä·® ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °Þ¾ú´Ù. ´ç½Ã ¾î¸° ¼Ò³âÀ̾ú´ø Á¸ ¾Ë ¿µÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ±â·ÏÇß´Ù.¡±

6. ¡°¡®ÃʸñÀÌ ÀÚ¶ö ¶§±îÁö ±â±ÙÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ °íÅëÀº ±Ø½ÉÇß´Ù. ¸î ´Þ µ¿¾È ¿ì¸®´Â »§ ÇÑ Á¶°¢ ¾øÀÌ Áö³Â´Ù. ¼è°í±â, ¿ìÀ¯, µÅÁöÇ®, ½Ã°í ¸±¸®, ¾û°ÏÄû°¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÏ»ó ½ÄÇ°ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â °¡ÃàÀ» Ä¡´Â ÀÏÀ» ¸Ã°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, °¡ÃàµéÀ» ÁöÄѺ¸¸é¼­, ¾û°ÏÄû Áٱ⸦ ¸Ô°ï ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸¶Ä¡ ¼Òó·³ ¹è°¡ ²Ë Âû ¶§±îÁö ¸Ô°ï Çß´Ù. ¸¶Ä§³» ±¾ÁÖ¸²ÀÌ ³Ê¹« ±Ø½ÉÇÏ¸é ¾Æ¹öÁö²²¼­´Â ³ª¹µ°¡Áö¿¡ °É·Á »õµéÀÌ ÂÉ¾Æ ´í ¼è°¡Á×À» °È¾î¼­ ¿ä¸®¸¦ ÇØ Á̴ּµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ¸ÀÀÖ´Â ¼öÇÁ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù.¡¯[John R. Young, Memories of John R. Young(1920), 64] Á¤Âø¹ÎµéÀº ¼­·Î µ½°í °¡Áø °ÍÀ» ÇÔ²² ³ª´©¾ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×µéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ Èûµç ½Ã±â¸¦ À̱â°í »ì¾Æ°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.¡±

7. ¡°1848³â 6¿ù±îÁö Á¤Âø¹ÎµéÀº 5~6õ ¿¡ÀÌÄ¿ÀÇ ¶¥À» °æÀÛÇßÀ¸¸ç, °è°îÀº Á¡Â÷ ³ì»öÀ¸·Î º¯ÇØ°¡°í, ¼öÈ®µµ dz¼ºÇØÁ³´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼ºµµµéÀº ½Ä·® À§¿¡ ³»·Á ¾ÉÀº °Å´ëÇÑ ¸Þ¶Ñ±â ¶¼ ¶§¹®¿¡ ³î¶óÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¼ºµµµéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ¹æ¹ýÀ» ´Ù µ¿¿øÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×µéÀº µµ¶ûÀ» Æļ­ ¹°Áٱ⸦ ¸Þ¶Ñ±â ¶¼·Î µ¹·Á ³õ±âµµ ÇÏ°í, ¸Þ¶Ñ±â ¶¼¸¦ ¸·´ë±â¿Í ºøÀÚ·ç·Î Ãļ­ Á×À̰ųª ºÒ¿¡ Å¿ö ¹ö¸®·Á ÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, ÀÌ ¸ðµç ³ë·ÂÀÌ ´Ù ¼Ò¿ë¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¸Þ¶Ñ±â ¶¼µéÀº °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ¾öû³ª°Ô ¸ô·Á¿Ô´Ù. ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© ½ºÅ×ÀÌÅ© ȸÀåÀÎ Ãູ»ç Á¸ ½º¹Ì½º´Â ÇÏ·ç µ¿¾È ±Ý½ÄÇÏ°í ±âµµÇϵµ·Ï ¿äûÇß´Ù. ¾ó¸¶ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼­ °Å´ëÇÑ ¹«¸®ÀÇ °¥¸Å±â ¶¼°¡ Çϴÿ¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³ª ¸Þ¶Ñ±â ¶¼ À§·Î ³»·Á ¿Ô´Ù. ¼öÀÜ ³ëºí ±×·£Æ®´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °æÇè¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡®¿ì¸®°¡ ³î¶ó°í ÀÖ´Â »çÀÌ¿¡, ±× °¥¸Å±âµéÀº °ÅÀÇ ±¾ÁÖ¸° °Íó·³ ¸Þ¶Ñ±â ¶¼µéÀ» ¸¶±¸ ÈÖÀúÀ¸¸ç °Ô°É½º·´°Ô ¸Ô±â ½ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù.¡¯ [in Carter E. Grant, The Kingdom of God Restored(1955), 446]

¼ºµµµéÀº ±â»Ý°ú °æÀÌÀÇ ´«À¸·Î ±×°ÍÀ» ÁöÄѺ¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ±¸Á¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡±

8. ¡°¼ºµµµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¾î·Á¿î »óȲ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·Î ÈûÀ» ³»¾î ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ÀÏÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡, °ð Å« ¹ßÀüÀ» °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù. 1849³â 9¿ù Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ·Î ¿©ÇàÇÏ´ø ÇÑ ¿©Çà°¡°¡ ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ©½ÃƼ¸¦ Áö³ª¸é¼­ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Âù»ç¸¦ º¸³Â´Ù. ¡®Àú´Â ÀÌÀü¿¡ À̺е麸´Ù ´õ Áú¼­ÀÖ°í, ¼º½ÇÇϸç, ±Ù¸éÇÏ°í ¿¹Àǹٸ¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» º» ÀûÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô ªÀº ±â°£ µ¿¾È¿¡ Ȳ¹«ÁöÀÎ ÀÌ °÷¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀÌ ÀÌó·³ ¸¹Àº ÀÏÀ» ÇØ ¿Ô´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 4~5õ¸íÀÌ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â ÀÌ µµ½Ã¿¡¼­, Àú´Â ´Ü ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ °ÔÀ¸¸¥ »ç¶÷µµ, ±×¸®°í ºÎ¶ûÀÚ¿Í °°Àº ±× ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µµ º» ÀûÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. °î½Ä ¼öÈ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ Àü¸ÁÀº ÁÁ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ¸ðµç ¸é¿¡ À־ ¿µ°ú ÈûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â Á¦°¡ °¡ º¸¾Ò´ø ±× ¾î¶² °÷¿¡¼­µµ º¼ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´ø °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡¯[in B. H. Roberts, Life of John Tailor (1963), 202]¡±(¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 82~83ÂÊ)

 

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9. ¡°1848³â ´ÊÀº ¿©¸§, ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀåÀº À©ÅÍÄõÅͽº·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°îÀ¸·Î ´Ù½Ã ¿©ÇàÀ» Çß´Ù. ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°î¿¡ µµÂøÇßÀ» ¶§, ±×´Â ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ȯ°æ¿¡¼­ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀÚ¿øÀÌ À¯¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀÎÁö ¹è¿ö¾ß ÇÒ Çʿ伺ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐ ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀ» ±× Áö¿ª¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´ø Àεð¾ðµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¸ÇßÁö¸¸, ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ±³È¸ ȸ¿øµéÀ» ŽÇè´ë·Î º¸³» ¾àÃÊ¿Í ÀÌ¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ Ãµ¿¬ ÀÚ¿øÀ» ¹ß°ßÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿´´Ù.¡±

10. ¡°±×´Â ´Ù¸¥ Á¤ÂøÁö¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æº¸µµ·Ï ´Ù¸¥ ŽÇè´ëµµ º¸³Â´Ù. ŽÇè´ë´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È Á¤ÂøÁö·Î ÀûÇÕÇÑ Áö¿ª»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±¤¹° ÀÚ¿ø°ú dzºÎÇÑ ¸ñÀç¿Í ¼ö¿ø°ú ÃÊ¿ø Áö´ë µîÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ¶¥ Åõ±â¸¦ ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ, ¼±ÁöÀÚ´Â ¼ºµµµé¿¡°Ô ÇÒ´çµÈ ÅäÁöÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ¶¼¾î ŸÀο¡°Ô ¸Å¸ÅÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ °æ°íÇß´Ù. ¶¥Àº ±×µéÀ» ÁöÄÑ Áִ ûÁö±â¿Í °°¾ÒÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÀçÁ¤ÀûÀÎ À̵æÀ» À§Çؼ­ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¼­´Â ¾È µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, Çö¸íÇÏ°í ºÎÁö·±ÇÏ°Ô Àß °ü¸®µÇ¾î¾ß Çß´Ù.¡±

11. ¡°1849³â °¡À», ¿µ ȸÀåÀÇ Áö½Ã ÇÏ¿¡ ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ À̹Π±â±ÝÀÌ Á¦Á¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ±³È¸ÀÇ Áß½ÉÁö·Î ÇÕ·ùÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀçÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿©·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Â °¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» µ½±â À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. Å« Èñ»ýÀ¸·Î ¸¹Àº ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ±× ±â±ÝÀ» Á¶¼ºÇÏ´Â µ¥ °øÇåÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±× °á°ú ¼öõ ¸íÀÇ ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°î±îÁö ¿©ÇàÇØ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°î±îÁö ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¸é, µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´ø ¼ºµµµéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¹Þ¾Ò´ø ÀçÁ¤ÀûÀÎ µµ¿òÀ» ´Ù½Ã °±µµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ±â±ÝÀº °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» µ½´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »óÈ£ ºÎÁ¶ÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ¸·Î ¼ºµµµéÀº µµ¿òÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀ» ÃູÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.¡±(¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 83~84ÂÊ)

 

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12. ¡°1850³â´ë¿¡ ±³È¸ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ¸¹Àº ÀÌÁÖÀڵ鿡°Ô ÀçÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿øÁ¶¸¦ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï °æºñ¸¦ ÁÙÀ̱â À§ÇÑ ÇÑ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¼Õ¼ö·¹ ºÎ´ë¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¿©ÇàÇß´ø ¼ºµµµéÀº ¼ö·¹¿¡ 100ÆÄ¿îµåÀÇ ¹Ð°¡·ç¿Í Á¦ÇÑµÈ ¾çÀÇ ½Ä·®°ú ¼ÒÁöÇ°¸¸ ½ÇÀº ´ÙÀ½, ¼ö·¹¸¦ ²ø¸ç Æò¿øÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯ °¬´Ù. 1856³â¿¡¼­ 1860³â »çÀÌ¿¡ 10°³ÀÇ ¼Õ¼ö·¹ ºÎ´ë°¡ À¯Å¸·Î ¿©ÇàÇØ °¬´Ù. ±× Áß 8°³ÀÇ ºÎ´ë´Â ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°î¿¡ µµ´ÞÇßÁö¸¸, ¸¶Æ¾°ú Àª¸® µÎ ºÎ´ë´Â ÀÏÂï µéÀÌ´ÚÄ£ °Ü¿ï ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×µé °¡¿îµ¥ ¸¹Àº ´ë¿øµéÀÌ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ÀÒ¾ú´Ù.¡±

13. ¡°ÀÌ ºÒ¿îÇÑ ºÎ´ëÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀ̾ú´ø ³Ú¸® Ǫ¼¿Àº Æò¿ø¿¡¼­ ¿­ »ìÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ ¾çÄ£Àº ¸ðµÎ ¿©Çà Áß¿¡ ¼¼»óÀ» ¶°³µ´Ù. ºÎ´ë°¡ ·ÏÅ° »ê¸Æ¿¡ °¡±îÀÌ °¨¿¡ µû¶ó ³¯¾¾´Â ´õ¿í Ãß¿öÁ³°í ½Ä·®Àº ´õ¿ï ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¼ºµµµéÀº ±¾ÁÖ¸²À¸·Î ³Ê¹«³ª ¾àÇØÁ®¼­ °è¼Ó Ç౺ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ³Ú¸®¿Í ±×³àÀÇ ¾ð´Ïµµ ¼è¾àÇØÁ³´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ °ÅÀÇ Èñ¸ÁÀ» Æ÷±âÇßÀ» ¶§, ºÎ´ëÀÇ ÁöÈÖÀÚ°¡ ±×µéÀ» ¸¶Â÷·Î µ¥·Á°¬´Ù. ±×´Â ³Ú¸®¸¦ ¸¶Â÷¿¡ Å¿ì°í ¸Å±â¿¡°Ô´Â ¸¶Â÷ ¿·¿¡¼­ °è¼Ó ħÂøÇÏ°Ô °É¾î°¡¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ¸Å±â´Â ¾ïÁö·Î ¿òÁ÷¿©¾ß Ç߱⠶§¹®¿¡ ´ÙÇàÈ÷ µ¿»ó¿¡ °É¸®Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.¡±

14. ¡°±×µéÀÌ ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ©½ÃƼ¿¡ µµÂøÇÏ¿© Æò¿øÀ» Ⱦ´ÜÇϸ鼭 ´â¾Æ¹ö¸° ³Ú¸®ÀÇ ½Å¹ß°ú ½ºÅ¸Å·À» ¹þ°åÀ» ¶§ µ¿»óÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ´Ù¸®ÀÇ ÇǺεµ ÇÔ²² ¹þ°ÜÁ³´Ù. ÀÌ ¿ë°¨ÇÑ ¼Ò³à´Â °íÅ뽺·´°Ô ¹ßÀ» Àý´ÜÇßÀ¸¸ç ±×³à´Â Æò»ýµ¿¾È ¹«¸­À¸·Î °É¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ÈÄ¿¡ °áÈ¥ÇÏ¿© ¿©¼¸ Àڳฦ ³º¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁýÀ» µ¹º¸°í ÀÚ³àµéÀ» ÈǸ¢ÇÏ°Ô ±æ·¶´Ù. [ ¡°Story of Nellie Pucell Unthank,¡±Heart Throbs of the West, comp. Kate b. Carter, 12 vols.(1939~1951) 9:418~420 ÂüÁ¶] ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »óȲÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÑ ±×³àÀÇ °á½É°ú ±×³à¸¦ µ¹º¸¾Æ ÁØ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Ä£ÀýÀº Ãʱ⠱³È¸ ȸ¿øµéÀÇ ½Å¾Ó°ú ±â²¨ÀÌ Èñ»ýÇÏ´Â ¸¶À½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÁÀº ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ¸ð¹üÀº ±×µéÀÇ µÚ¸¦ µû¸£´Â ¸ðµç Èı⠼ºµµ¿¡°Ô ÈǸ¢ÇÑ À¯»êÀÌ´Ù.¡±

15. ¡°¸¶Æ¾ ¼Õ¼ö·¹ ºÎ´ëÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀ¸·Î Æò¿øÀ» Ⱦ´ÜÇÏ¿© ¿À·§µ¿¾È À¯Å¸¿¡ »ì¾Ò´ø »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾î´À ³¯ ±×´Â ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¼Õ¼ö·¹ ºÎ´ë°¡ Áö±ÞÇÑ °Í ¸»°í´Â ´õ ÀÌ»óÀÇ º¸±ÞÇ°À̳ª º¸È£µµ ¾øÀÌ Æò¿øÀ» Ⱦ´ÜÇϵµ·Ï Çã¶ôÇß´ø °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±³È¸ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀ» ½Å¶öÇÏ°Ô ºñ³­ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±× ³ëÀÎÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó °ßµô ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§±îÁö ±Í¸¦ ±â¿ïÀÌ´Ù°¡ ¸¶Ä§³» ÀϾ¼­ °¨Á¤¿¡ ¹÷Â÷ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù.¡±

16. ¡°¡®³ª´Â ±× ºÎ´ëÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ³» ¾Æ³»µµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¡¦ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ó»óÇÒ ¼öÁ¶Â÷ ¾ø´Â °íÅëÀ» °Þ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÃßÀ§¿Í ±¾ÁÖ¸²À¸·Î Á×¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ±× ºÎ´ëÀÇ »ýÁ¸ÀÚ°¡ ºñ³­ÇÏ´Â ¸»À» µé¾îº» ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î? ¡¦ [¿ì¸®´Â] °¡Àå ¾î·Á¿î ½Ã±â¿¡ Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àß ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×ºÐÀÌ »ì¾Æ °è½Å´Ù´Â Àý´ëÀûÀÎ Áö½ÄÀ» °®°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.¡¯¡±

17. ¡°¡®³ª´Â º´°ú ¸ðÀÚ¶ó´Â À½½Ä ¶§¹®¿¡ ÇÑ ÂÊ ¹ßÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ÂÊ ¹ß ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³»¹Ð ¼öµµ ¾øÀ» ¸¸Å­ ¾àÇØÁ® ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ¼Õ¼ö·¹¸¦ ²ø¾ú´ø ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¾ÕÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸´Ï ¸ð·¡¹ç°ú °æ»çÁø ¾ð´öÀÌ º¸¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¡®³ª´Â Àú °÷±îÁö °¡¼­´Â Æ÷±âÇؾ߰ڴÙ. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÁüÀ» ²ø°í ±× °÷À» Áö³ª°¥ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸´Ï±î.¡¯¶ó°í ¸»Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ¡¦ ³ª´Â ±× ¸ð·¡¹ç±îÁö °¬½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ±× °÷¿¡ À̸£·¶À» ¶§ ¼ö·¹°¡ ³ª¸¦ ¹Ð±â ½ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â ´©°¡ ¼ö·¹¸¦ ¹Ì´ÂÁö º¸±â À§ÇØ ¸î ¹øÀ̳ª µÚ¸¦ µ¹¾Æº¸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾Æ¹«µµ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ¶§ ³ª´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Ãµ»ç°¡ ±× °÷¿¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.¡±

18. ¡°¡®¼Õ¼ö·¹ ºÎ´ë·Î ¿À±â¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³»°¡ ÈÄȸÇßÀ»±î¿ä? ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ±× ¶§µµ ±× ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ¾î¶² ¶§µµ ÈÄȸÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ Çϳª´ÔÀ» Àß ¾Ë°Ô µÇ±â À§ÇØ Ä¡¸¥ ´ë°¡´Â Ä¡·¯¾ß ÇÒ Æ¯±ÇÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ³»°¡ ¸¶Æ¾ ¼Õ¼ö·¹ ºÎ´ë¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ°Ô µÈ Ư±ÇÀ» ´©¸° °Í¿¡ °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.¡¯¡±[William Palmer, quoted in David O. McKay, ¡°Pioneer Women,¡±Relief Society Magazine, 1948, 1¿ùÈ£, 8ÂÊ]

19. ¡°Âù¼Û°¡ Ã¥¿¡´Â ¿ë°¨ÇÏ°Ô º¹À½À» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ°í ¹®¸íÀÇ º¯°æ Áö´ë¿¡¼­ »ì±â À§ÇØ ¸Ö¸® ¿©ÇàÇß´ø Ãʱ⠱³È¸ ȸ¿øµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ë·¡µéÀÌ ½Ç·Á ÀÖ´Ù.

20. ¡°±×´ë, ¿Õ±¹ÀÇ °Ç¼³ÀÚµéÀÌ¿©, ±æÀ» µû¶ó °³Ã´ÇÏ¸ç ¸ÅÀÏÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇàÀ§, Èļ¼°¡ µû¸¦ ±æÀÏÁö´Ï »õ·Ó°í ±»°ÇÇÑ ±âÃʸ¦ Áþ°í °ÅÄ£ °³Ã´Áö·Î ÇìÃÄ ³ª°¬³× ¸í¿¹·Î¿î °³Ã´ÀÚ¿©, ÃູÀÖÀ»Áö´Ï ÀüÁøÇ϶ó, ¾ðÁ¦±îÁö³ª!¡±

21. ¡°±×µéÀÇ ¸ð¹üÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ ´õ¿í Ãæ½ÇÇÏ°í ¿ë±âÀÖ°Ô »ç´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» °¡¸£ÃÄ ÁØ´Ù.¡±

22. ¡°¾ðÁ¦³ª ºÀ»çÇϸç, »ç¶ûÀ¸·Î À̲ø¸®¾î ¿ë±â¿Í ²¨ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â ºûÀ¸·Î ¸ðµç °÷ ºñÄ¡³×. ³¯¸¶´Ù ÁüÀ» °¡º±°Ô ÇÏ°í ³¯¸¶´Ù ¸¶À½À» ¹àÇôÁÖ°í ³¯¸¶´Ù Èñ¸ÁÀ» ¾È°ÜÁÖ´Ï ÃູÀÖÀ»Áö´Ï, ¸í¿¹·Î¿î °³Ã´ÀÚ¿©!¡±[ ¡°They, the Builders of the Nation,¡± Âù¼Û°¡, 36Àå(¿µ¹®)], (¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 77~78, 80ÂÊ)

 

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23. ¡°ÀÏ¿¡ È°±â¸¦ ¶ì°í »ýÈ°ÀÌ Á¡Â÷ ¾ÈÁ¤µÇÀÚ, ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀåÀº °ü½ÉÀ» ±³È¸·Î µ¹·È´Ù. 1849³â 10¿ù 6ÀÏ ¿¬Â÷ ´ëȸ¿¡¼­, ±×´Â »õ·Î ºÎ¸§ ¹ÞÀº ¼±±³»çµé°ú ÇÔ²² ¸î¸î ½ÊÀ̻絵 ȸ¿øµé¿¡°Ô ¿Ü±¹¿¡¼­ ¼±±³ »ç¾÷À» ÇàÇϵµ·Ï ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ °¡Á·µé°ú »õ Áý, ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÁ÷ ³¡¸¶Ä¡Áö ¾ÊÀº ÀϵéÀ» ³²°ÜµÎ°í ¶°³ª¾ß ÇßÁö¸¸ ÀÌ ºÎ¸§À» ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´Ù. ¿¡¶ó½ºÅͽº ½º³ë¿ì¿Í ¸î¸î Àå·ÎµéÀº ½ºÄ­µð³ªºñ¾Æ¿¡¼­ ¼±±³ »ç¾÷À» ½ÃÀÛÇßÀ¸¸ç, ·Î·»Á¶ ½º³ë¿ì¿Í Á¶¼Á Åä·ÐÅä´Â ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ·Î ¿©ÇàÇß´Ù. ¾Öµð½¼°ú ·ç½Ã¾Æ ¹øÁî ÇÁ·§Àº ¼Ò»çÀ̾îƼ ±ºµµ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿¡µð½¼ÀÇ ÀÌÀü ¼±±³ Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¬´Ù. Á¸ Å×ÀÏ·¯´Â ÇÁ¶û½º¿Í µ¶ÀÏ·Î ºÎ¸§ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù ¼±±³»çµéÀº µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È, ·ÏÅ° »ê¸Æ¿¡¼­ »õ·Î¿î ½Ã¿ÂÀ¸·Î ÇâÇÏ´Â ¼ºµµµé°ú ¸¸³µ´Ù.¡±

24. ¡°¼±±³ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ¼±±³»çµéÀº ±âÀûÀ» º¸¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ħ·Ê¸¦ ÁÖ¾î ±³È¸·Î ÀεµÇß´Ù. Èʳ¯ ±³È¸ ȸÀåÀÌ µÈ ·Î·»Á¶ ½º³ë¿ì´Â ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¿¡¼­ º¹À½À» ÀüÇÏ´ø Áß¿¡, ¼¼ »ìÂ¥¸® »ç³» ¾ÆÀÌ°¡ °ÅÀÇ Á×À½ Á÷Àü¿¡ À̸¥ °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ±× ¶§°¡ ±× ¾î¸°À̸¦ º´À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °íÃÄ ÁÖ¾î ±× Áö¿ª¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸¶À½À» ¿­ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁÁÀº ±âȸ¶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ±× ³¯ ¹ã ±×´Â Çϳª´Ô ¾Æ¹öÁö²² Áö½ÃÇØ Áֽñ⸦ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ±âµµÇß´Ù. ´ÙÀ½³¯ ±×¿Í µ¿¹ÝÀÚ´Â ±× »ç³» ¾ÆÀ̸¦ À§ÇØ ±Ý½ÄÇÏ°í ±âµµÇß´Ù. ±× ³¯ ¿ÀÈÄ ±×µéÀº ±× ¾ÆÀÌ¿¡°Ô º´ÀÚ ÃູÀ» ÇØ ÁÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÇ »ç¾÷À» µµ¿Í Áֽõµ·Ï Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ±âµµµå·È´Ù. ±× ¾ÆÀÌ´Â ¹ã»õ Æò¿ÂÇÏ°Ô ÀáÀÌ µé¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±âÀûÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ÏÄèµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÀ̸¦ °íÃÄ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù´Â ¼Ò¹®ÀÌ ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ Çǵå¸óµå Áö¿ªÀÇ ¿©·¯ °è°îÀ¸·Î ÆÛÁ® ³ª°¬À¸¸ç, ¼±±³»çµé¿¡°Ô ¹®ÀÌ ¿­¸®°í, ±× Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ù¹ø° ħ·Ê°¡ ³ª¿Ô´Ù.¡± [Francis M. Gibbons, Lorenzo Snow: Spiritual Giant, Prophet of God (1982), 64ÂÊ ÂüÁ¶]

25. ¡°1852³â 8¿ù, ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ©½ÃƼ¿¡¼­ ¿­¸° Ưº° ´ëȸ¿¡¼­, 106¸íÀÇ Àå·ÎµéÀÌ Àü ¼¼°è·Î ¼±±³ »ç¾÷À» ³ª°¡¶ó´Â ºÎ¸§À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ ¼±±³»çµéÀº ÈÄ¿¡ ºÎ¸§ ¹ÞÀº ¼±±³»çµéó·³ ³²¹Ì, Áß±¹, Àεµ, ½ºÆäÀÎ, ¿À½ºÆ®·¹Àϸ®¾Æ, ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ ±×¸®°í ³²ÅÂÆò¾ç Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ º¹À½À» ÀüÇÏ¿´´Ù. Ãʱ⿡´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ Å« ¼º°ú¸¦ °ÅµÎÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸ ±×µéÀÌ »Ñ·Á ³õÀº ¾¾¾Ñµé·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Æ Èʳ¯ ¼±±³ »ç¾÷À» ÅëÇØ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±³È¸·Î µé¾î¿À°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.¡±

26. ¡°¿¡µå¿öµå ½ºÆ¼ºì½¼ Àå·Î´Â ½ºÆäÀÎ Áöºê¶öŸ ¼±±³ºÎ·Î ºÎ¸§À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ ºÎ¸§Àº ±×°¡ ž´ø °íÇâÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇߴµ¥, ±×´Â ±× °÷¿¡¼­ ±×ÀÇ °íÇâ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ´ã´ëÇÏ°Ô È¸º¹µÈ º¹À½À» ÀüÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â º¹À½À» ÀüÇß´Ù´Â Á˸ñÀ¸·Î üÆ÷µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×°¡ °£¼öµé¿¡°Ô º¹À½À» ÀüÇÏ¿© ±× Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀÌ °ÅÀÇ °³Á¾µÉ ´Ü°è¿¡±îÁö À̸¥ °ÍÀÌ ´ç±¹¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ß°ßµÉ ¶§±îÁö ¾ó¸¶ µ¿¾È °¨¿Á¿¡¼­ º¸³Â´Ù. ¼®¹æµÈ ÈÄ¿¡ ±×´Â µÎ ¸í¿¡°Ô ħ·Ê ÁÖ¾ú°í, 1854³â 1¿ù±îÁö ¿­ ¸íÀÇ È¸¿øÀ» µÐ ÁöºÎ¸¦ Á¶Á÷Çß´Ù. ±× ÇØ 7¿ù¿¡´Â ¿©¼¸ ¸íÀÇ È¸¿øµéÀÌ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ ÁÖµÐÇÑ ¿µ±¹ ±º´ë·Î ±ºº¹¹«¸¦ Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¶°³µÁö¸¸, ±× ÁöºÎ¿¡´Â ±³È¸°¡ °è¼Ó ¼ºÀåÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Áöµµ·ÂÀ» ÁÖ´Â ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ Ä¥½ÊÀÎ, ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ Àå·Î, ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ Á¦»ç, ±×¸®°í ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ ±³»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¿­¿©´ü ¸íÀÇ È¸¿øµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.¡±[ ¡°The Church in Spain and Gibraltar,¡±Friend, 1975³â 5¿ù, 33ÂÊ ÂüÁ¶]

27. ¡°1852³â, ÇÁ¶û½º·É Æú¸®³×½Ã¾ÆÀÇ Áö¹æ Á¤ºÎ´Â ¼±±³»çµéÀ» Ãß¹æÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °³Á¾ÇÑ ¼ºµµµéÀº 1892³â Àüµµ È°µ¿ÀÌ Àç°³µÉ ¶§±îÁö ±³È¸¸¦ °è¼Ó À¯ÁöÇØ ³ª°¬´Ù. Ƽȣ´Ï Àå·Î¿Í ¸¶ÀÌÇì¾Æ Àå·Î°¡ ƯÈ÷ ¿ë°¨Çߴµ¥, ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ºÎÀÎÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â ¿ÀÈ÷·Á °¨¿Á »ýÈ°°ú ´Ù¸¥ ¸¹Àº ½Ã·ÃµéÀ» °ßµ®³Â´Ù. ±×µé °¢ÀÚ´Â ¼ºµµµéÀÌ È°µ¿ÀûÀÌ°í º¹À½¿¡ Ãæ½ÇÇϵµ·Ï ³ë·ÂÇß´Ù.¡± [R. Lanier Britsch, Unto the Islands of the Sea: A History of the Latter-day Saints in the Pacific(1986), 21~22ÂÊ ÂüÁ¶]

28. ¡°¹Ì±¹ ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ±³È¸¿¡ °¡ÀÔÇÑ È¸¿øµé¿¡°Ô´Â ÀÌ ½Ã±â°¡ ½Ã¿ÂÀ¸·Î ÁýÇÕÇÏ´Â ½Ã±â¿´´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ¹è¸¦ Ÿ°í ¹Ì±¹À¸·Î ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇß´Ù. ¿¤¸®ÀÚº£½º¿Í Âû½º ¿ìµå ºÎºÎ´Â 1860³â¿¡ ³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«·ÎºÎÅÍ Ç×ÇØÇØ ¿Ô´Âµ¥, ±×µéÀº ÀÌ Ç×Çظ¦ À§ÇÑ µ·À» ¸¶·ÃÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸î ³â µ¿¾È ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ÀÏÇß´Ù. ¿¤¸®ÀÚº£½º´Â ÇÑ ºÎÀãÁý¿¡¼­ °¡Á¤ºÎ·Î ÀÏÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±×³àÀÇ ³²ÆíÀº ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µ·À» ¸¶·ÃÇÒ ¶§±îÁö º®µ¹ °øÀå¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇß´Ù. ¿¤¸®ÀÚº£½º´Â ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ³ºÀº Áö 24½Ã°£ ÈÄ¿¡ ¹Ù·Î ¹è¸¦ ÅÀÀ¸¸ç, ¼±ÀåÀÌ ±×ÀÇ Ä§½ÇÀ» ±×³à¿¡°Ô ³» ÁÖ¾î Á»´õ ÆíÇÏ°Ô ¿©ÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¿©Çà Áß¿¡ º´ÀÌ µé¾ú°í, µÎ ¹øÀ̳ª Á×À» °íºñ¸¦ ³Ñ°åÀ¸³ª, ¸¶Ä§³» À¯Å¸ ÁÖ Çʸð¾î¿¡ µµÂøÇØ ±× °÷¿¡¼­ Á¤ÂøÇØ »ì¾Ò´Ù.¡± 29. ¡°¼±±³»çµéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ ºÀ»çÇÑ ³ª¶óÀÇ ¼ºµµµé¿¡°Ô ¸Å¿ì Ä£ÀýÇÏ°Ô ´ëÇß´Ù. Á¶¼Á ¿¡ÇÁ ½º¹Ì½º´Â 1857³â ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼±±³ »ç¾÷ÀÌ ³¡³ª°¥ ¹«·Æ, ½ÉÇÑ ¿­º´¿¡ °É·Á 3°³¿ù µ¿¾ÈÀ̳ª ¼±±³ »ç¾÷À» ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ´ÙÇàÈ÷ ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌÀÇ Ãæ½ÇÇÑ ¼ºµµÀÎ ¸¶ ¸¶¿ìÈ÷ÀÌ ÀÚ¸ÅÀÇ °£È£¸¦ ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â Á¶¼ÁÀ» ¸¶Ä¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ä£ÀÚ½Äó·³ ±ØÁøÈ÷ µ¹º¸¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ µÎ »ç¶÷ °£¿¡´Â °­ÇÑ À¯´ë°¨ÀÌ Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÈÄ¿¡ Á¶¼Á ¿¡ÇÁ ½º¹Ì½º°¡ ±³È¸ÀÇ È¸ÀåÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, È£³î·ê·ç¸¦ ¹æ¹®ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. È£³î·Ñ·ç¿¡ µµÂøÇÑ ¹Ù·Î Á÷ÈÄ¿¡ ±×´Â ÇÑ ´« ¸Õ ¿©ÀÎÀÌ ÀεµµÇ¾î ¿À´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Âµ¥, ±×³à´Â ¼±¹°·Î Á٠Ž½º·± ¹Ù³ª³ª¸¦ µé°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ±×³à°¡¡®ÀÌ¿À¼¼ÆÄ, ÀÌ¿À¼¼ÆÄ(Á¶¼Á, Á¶¼Á)¡¯ÇÏ°í ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀ» µé¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â Áï½Ã ±×³à¿¡°Ô·Î ´Þ·Á°¡ ±×³à¸¦ ²¸¾ÈÀ¸¸ç, ±×³àÀÇ º¼¿¡ ¼ö Â÷·Ê ÀÔ¸ÂÃãÀ» ÇÏ°í, ±×³àÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ¾²´ÙµëÀ¸¸ç ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡®¾î¸Ó´Ï, ¾î¸Ó´Ï, ¿À »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â ³ªÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï.¡¯¡±[Charles W. Nibley, ¡°Reminiscences of President Joseph F. Smith,¡±Improvement Era, 1919³â, 1¿ùÈ£, 193~194ÂÊ ÂüÁ¶] (¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 84~86ÂÊ)

 

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30. ¡°À¯Å¸, ³² ¾ÆÀÌ´ÙÈ£, ±×¸®°í ÈÄ¿¡ ¾Æ¸®Á¶³ª, ¿ÍÀÌ¿À¹Ö, ³×¹Ù´Ù ¹× Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ¸¹Àº °øµ¿Ã¼µéÀÌ ¿¬Â÷ ´ëȸ¿¡¼­ ºÎ¸§ ¹ÞÀº °³ÀÎÀ̳ª °¡Á·µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼¼¿öÁ³´Ù. ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ¼öõ ¸íÀÇ »õ·Î¿î Á¤Âø¹ÎµéÀÌ ³ó»ç¸¦ ÁöÀ¸¸ç »ì¾Æ°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °øµ¿Ã¼¸¦ ¼³¸³Çϵµ·Ï Áö½ÃÇÏ¿´´Ù.¡±

31. ¡°ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀåÀÇ »ý¾Ö µ¿¾È, ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°îÀÇ ¸ðµç °÷°ú ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ¸¹Àº Áö¿ªÀÌ °³Ã´µÇ¾ú´Ù. ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀåÀÌ ¼¼»óÀ» ¶°³­ 1877³â±îÁö, 350¿© °÷ ÀÌ»óÀÇ °³Ã´Áö°¡ °Ç¼³µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, 1900³â±îÁö´Â °ÅÀÇ 500¿© °÷¿¡ ´ÞÇß´Ù. Ãʱ⿡ ±³È¸ÀÇ °ü¸® ¿ª¿øÀ̾ú´ø ºê¸®°Ë Ç ·Î¹öÃ÷´Â, ¸ô¸óµéÀÌ °³Ã´Áö¸¦ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î °Ç¼³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀº, ±×µéÀÌ ¿µ ȸÀåÀÌ ÁÖ¾ú´ø ºÎ¸§À» ¼öÇàÇϸ鼭 º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú´ø¡®ÁöµµÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã漺½É°ú ±×µé °¢ÀÚÀÇ ºñÀ̱âÀûÀÌ°í Çå½ÅÀûÀÎ Èñ»ý¡¯¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù°í ±â·ÏÇß´Ù. [Russell R. Rich, Ensign to the Nations(1972), 347ÂÊ¿¡¼­ Àοë] °³Ã´ÀÚµéÀº ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ¼±ÁöÀÚ¸¦ µû¸£±â À§ÇÏ¿© ¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ ¾È¶ôÇÔÀ̳ª Ä£±¸µé°úÀÇ ±³Á¦, ±×¸®°í ¶§·Î´Â ±×µéÀÇ »ý¸í±îÁöµµ Èñ»ýÇß´Ù.¡±

32. ¡°¿¬Â÷ ´ëȸ¿¡¼­, ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ¿ÜÁø °÷À¸·Î ÀÌÁÖÇÒ ºÎ¸§À» ¹Þ°Ô µÉ ÇüÁ¦µé°ú ±× °¡Á·µéÀÇ ¸í´ÜÀ» Àоú´Ù. ÀÌ °³Ã´ÀÚµéÀº ¼±±³»ç·Î ºÎ¸§ ¹ÞÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÌ ÇØÀ ¶§±îÁö Áö¸íµÈ °÷¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ »ýÇÊÇ°µéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÚºñ¸¦ µé¿© ±×µéÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ÅÍÀüÀ¸·Î ¿©ÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ¼º°ø ¿©ºÎ´Â ±×µéÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÖº¯¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ¿øÀ» È°¿ëÇϴ°¡¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±× Áö¿ªÀ» Á¶»çÇÏ°í, ¶¥À» °³°£Çϸç, ¹æ¾Ñ°£À» Áþ°í, ´ëÁö·Î ¹°À» ²ø¾îµéÀ̱â À§ÇØ °ü°³¼ö·Î¸¦ ÆÄ°í, °¡ÃàÀ» º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¸ñÀå µÑ·¹¿¡ ¿ïŸ¸®¸¦ Ä¡¸ç, »õ·Î¿î ±æÀ» ´Û¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀº °î¹°À» Àç¹èÇÏ°í ä¼Ò¸¦ °¡²Ù¸ç, ±³È¸¿Í Çб³¸¦ Áþ°í, Àεð¾ðµé°ú ¿ìÈ£ÀûÀÎ °ü°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº Ãâ»ýÀ̳ª »ç¸Á ±×¸®°í °áÈ¥½Ä»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó º´ÀÌ µé¾úÀ» ¶§¿¡µµ ¼­·Î µµ¿ì¸ç »ì¾Æ°¬´Ù.¡±

33. ¡°1862³â, Âû½º ¿öÄ¿´Â ³² À¯Å¸¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇ϶ó´Â ºÎ¸§À» ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ºÎ¸§ ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¸ðÀÓ¿¡ Âü¼®Çؼ­ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ±â·ÏÇß´Ù. ¡®³ª´Â ÀÌ °÷¿¡¼­ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ÀØÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¿ø¸®¸¦ ¹è¿ü´Ù. ÀÌ °÷¿¡¼­ÀÇ »ýÈ°Àº ³»°Ô ¼øÁ¾ÀÌ ÇÏ´Ã ¾Æ·¡³ª ¶¥ À§¿¡¼­ ¾ó¸¶³ª À§´ëÇÑ ¿ø¸®Àΰ¡¸¦ º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌ °÷¿¡¼­ Áö³­ 7³â µ¿¾È ¹«´õÀ§³ª ÃßÀ§, ±¾ÁÖ¸²°ú ¿­¾ÇÇÑ È¯°æÀ» À̰ܳ»¸ç »ýÈ°ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¸¶Ä§³» °ð Ž½º·¯¿î ¼öÈ®À» ÇÏ°Ô µÉ ¸¹Àº °ú½Ç¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁýÀ» °®°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ÀÌÁ¦ ³ª´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ³²°Ü µÎ°í, Çϳª´ÔÀ» »ç¶ûÇÏ°í µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÁÖ°üÇϽô Çϳª´Ô ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¶æÀ» ÇàÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, ¶°³ª¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ³ª´Â Çϳª´Ô ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ÇÕ´çÇÑ Åµµ·Î ³»°Ô ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¼ºÃëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÈûÀ» Áֽõµ·Ï Çϳª´Ô²² ±âµµÇÑ´Ù.¡¯¡±[Diary of Charles Loewll Walker, ed. A. Karl Larson and Katharine Miles Larson, 2 vols. (1980), 1:239]

34. ¡°½ÊÀ̻絵 Á¤¿øȸÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀÎ Âû½º ½Ã ¸®Ä¡ ¶ÇÇÑ °³Ã´Áö·Î °¡¶ó´Â ºÎ¸§À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ºê¸®°Ë ¿µÀº ±×¿Í ¸î¸î ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÁ¦µé¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÇ °¡Á·À» µ¥¸®°í ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ©½ÃƼ¿¡¼­ ºÏÂÊÀ¸·Î ¾à 241ų·Î¹ÌÅÍ ¶³¾îÁø º£¾î ·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°î¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇ϶ó´Â ºÎ¸§À» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±× °è°îÀÇ Á¤»óÀº ¸Å¿ì ³ô¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, °Ü¿ï µ¿¾È¿¡´Â ´«ÀÌ µ¤¿© ÀÖ´Â ¸Å¿ì Ãß¿î °÷À̾ú´Ù. ¸®Ä¡ ÇüÁ¦´Â ÃÖ±Ù À¯·´¿¡¼­ ¼±±³ »ç¾÷À» ¸¶Ä¡°í µ¹¾Æ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ °¡Á·µéÀ» ¶°³ª ´Ù½Ã Çѹø ±× ¾î·Á¿î ȯ°æ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ì¾Æ°¡°í ½ÍÀº ¸¶À½ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ±× ºÎ¸§À» ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´À¸¸ç, 1864³â 6¿ù, º£¾î ·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°î¿¡ µµÂøÇß´Ù. ±× ´ÙÀ½ ÇØ °Ü¿ïºÎÅÍ º½±îÁö Ȥµ¶ÇÑ ÃßÀ§ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ýÈ°Çߴµ¥, ´Ù¸¥ ¸î¸î ÇüÁ¦µéÀº ±× °÷À» ¶°³ª±â·Î °á½ÉÇß´Ù. ¸®Ä¡ ÇüÁ¦´Â ÀÌ ÃßÀ§ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ì¾Æ°£´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ½±Áö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù.¡±

35. ¡°¡®ÀÌÁ¦±îÁö ¸¹Àº ¾î·Á¿òÀÌ µû¶ú½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦°¡ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¡¦ ¿ì¸®°¡ À̰͵éÀ» ÇÔ²² µµ¿ì¸ç À̰ܳ» ¿Ô´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ °÷À¸·Î °¡°í ½Í´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô ±×°ÍÀ» »©¾Ñ°í ½ÍÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¡¦ ±×·¯³ª Àú´Â Àú È¥ÀÚ¸¸ ³²°Ô µÇ´õ¶óµµ ÀÌ °÷¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿µ ȸÀå´ÔÀÌ Àú¸¦ ÀÌ °÷À¸·Î ºÎ¸£¼Ì±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ±×ºÐÀÌ Àú¸¦ ÇØÀÓÇÏ°í ÀÌ °÷À» ¶°³ª¶ó°í ÇÏ½Ç ¶§±îÁö ÀÌ °÷¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.¡¯¸®Ä¡ ÇüÁ¦´Â ±×ÀÇ °¡Á·°ú ÇÔ²² ½ÇÁ¦·Î ±× °÷¿¡ ³²¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ±× ´ÙÀ½ ¸î ½Ê ³â µ¿¾È ¹ø¿µÇÏ´Â °øµ¿Ã¼ÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼ö¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéó·³, ±×´Â ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹À» °Ç¼³ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ» µ½±â À§ÇØ ±â²¨ÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ÁöµµÀڵ鿡°Ô ¼øÁ¾Çß´Ù. [Leonard J. Arrington, Charles C. Rich(1974), 264ÂÊ ÂüÁ¶]¡±(¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 86, 88~89ÂÊ)

 

Àεð¾ðµé°úÀÇ °ü°è

36. ¡°°³Ã´ÀÚµéÀº º¯¹æ ÂÊÀ¸·Î ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡¸é¼­ Àεð¾ðµé°ú ÀÚÁÖ ±³·ù¸¦ Çß´Ù. ¼­ºÎÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Á¤Âø¹Îµé°ú´Â ´Þ¸®, ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ȸ¿øµé¿¡°Ô ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀÎ Àεð¾ð ÇüÁ¦ Àڸŵ鿡°Ô À½½ÄÀ» ³ª´©¾î ÁÖ°í, ±×µéÀ» ±³È¸·Î µ¥·Á¿À±â À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇϵµ·Ï °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. Àεð¾ð »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼±±³ »ç¾÷ÀÌ ¾ÆÀÌ´ÙÈ£ ÁØÁÖ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »õ¸Õ °­ Áö¿ªÀÇ Æ÷Æ® ¸²ÇÏÀÌ¿Í À¯Å¸ ÁÖ °æ°è Áö¿ª ³»ÀÇ ÄÝ·Î¶óµµ °­ »ó·ù¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿¤Å© »ê¿¡¼­ ½ÃµµµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ¶ÇÇÑ »óÈ£ºÎÁ¶È¸ Àڸŵ鿡°Ô ¹Ù´ÀÁúÀ» ÇÏ¿© Àεð¾ð ÇüÁ¦ ÀڸŵéÀ» À§ÇÑ ÀǺ¹ µîÀ» ¸¸µéµµ·Ï ±Ç°íÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, Àεð¾ðµé¿¡°Ô À½½ÄÀ» Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇØ µ·À» ¸ð±ÝÇϵµ·Ï Áö½ÃÇß´Ù.¡±

37. ¡°¼ºµµµé°ú ¸Å¿ì °¡±õ°Ô Áö³½ ºñȸ¿ø Àλ翴´ø Å丶½º ¿¤ ÄÉÀÎÀÇ ¾Æ³» ¿¤¸®ÀÚº£½º ÄÉÀÎÀÌ À¯Å¸ ÁÖ¸¦ ¿©ÇàÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾úÀ» ¶§, ±×³à´Â ¸ö°ú ¸¶À½ÀÌ ÁöÃÄ ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ¸ô¸ó ¿©ÀÎÀÇ Áý¿¡ ¸Ó¹°·¶´Ù. ¿¤¸®ÀÚº£½º´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ±× ¸ô¸ó ¿©ÀÎÀÌ Àεð¾ðµéÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ´ëÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸±â Àü±îÁö´Â ±× ¿©Àο¡ ´ëÇØ º°·Î »ý°¢ÇØ º» ÀûÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±× ¿©ÀÎÀº ÁغñÇÑ Àú³á ½Ä»ç¿¡ ¼Õ´ÔµéÀ» ºÎ¸£¸é¼­, ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î´Â ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´ø Àεð¾ðµé¿¡°Ôµµ ¹¹¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿¤¸®ÀÚº£½º´Â ±× ¿©ÀÎÀÌ Àεð¾ðµé¿¡°Ô ¹«½¼ ¸»À» Çß´ÂÁö ±× ¿©ÀÎÀÇ ¾Æµé¿¡°Ô ¹°¾îº¸¾Ò´Âµ¥, ±× ¾ÆµéÀÌ ´ë´äÇϱ⸦, ¡®ÀÌ ¼Õ´ÔµéÀÌ ¸ÕÀú ¿À¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù. À̺е鲲 µå¸± À½½Ä¸¸ Â÷·È°Åµç¿ä. Áö±Ý ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÇ À½½Äµµ Áغñ ÁßÀÌ´Ï±î ´Ù µÇ¸é ºÎ¸£°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.¡¯¿¤¸®ÀÚº£½º´Â ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±× ¿©ÀÎÀÌ ±× Àεð¾ðµé¿¡°Ô Á¤¸» À½½ÄÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ ¹°¾îº¸¾Ò´Ù. ±× ¾ÆµéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. ¡®¾î¸Ó´Ï²²¼­´Â ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ´ëÁ¢ÇØ µå¸° °Í°ú ²À°°ÀÌ ÀúµéÀ» À§ÇØ ½ÄŹ¿¡ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÖ½Ç °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡¯±× ¿©ÀÎÀº Àεð¾ðµéÀÌ ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ½ÃÁßÀ» µé¸ç ±×µéÀ» ´ëÁ¢Çß´Ù.[Elizabeth Wood Kane, Twelve Mormon Homes Visited in Succession on a Journey through Utah to Arizona(1974), 65~66ÂÊ ÂüÁ¶]¡±(¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 89~90ÂÊ)

 

½Å±Ç ¹× º¸Á¶ Á¶Á÷ÀÇ ±â´É

38. ¡°¿µ ȸÀåÀº ¸»³â¿¡, ¸î °¡Áö Áß¿äÇÑ ½Å±Ç Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í °øÇ¥Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ½ÊÀ̻絵µé¿¡°Ô ¸ðµç ½ºÅ×ÀÌÅ©¿¡¼­ ´ëȸ¸¦ ¿­µµ·Ï Áö½ÃÇß´Ù. ±× °á°ú, À¯Å¸ Àü¿ª¿¡ 7°³ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ½ºÅ×ÀÌÅ©¿Í 140¿© °³ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ¿Íµå°¡ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù. m½ºÅ×ÀÌÅ© ȸÀå´Ü, °íµî ÆòÀÇ¿ø, °¨µ¶´Ü ¹× Á¤¿øȸ ȸÀå´ÜµéÀÇ ÀÓ¹«°¡ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Á¤ÀǵǾúÀ¸¸ç, ¼ö¹é ¸íÀÇ ÇüÁ¦µéÀÌ ÀÌ Á÷Ã¥¿¡ ºÎ¸§ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ±³È¸ ȸ¿øµéÀÌ ½ÊÀÏÁ¶¿Í ±Ý½Ä Çå¹°°ú ±âŸ ´Ù¸¥ Çå±ÝÀ» ¹ÙÄ¡°í Áú¼­ÀÖ°Ô »ýÈ°ÇØ °¡µµ·Ï ±×µéÀ» ±Ç°íÇß´Ù.¡±

39. ¡°1867³â ¼±ÁöÀÚ´Â Á¶Áö Å¥ ij³íÀ» ÁÖÀÏÇб³ Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ·Î ºÒ·¶À¸¸ç, ¼ö³â ³»¿¡ ÁÖÀÏÇб³´Â ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ Á¶Á÷ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1869³â ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ±×ÀÇ µþµéÀ» ¸ð¾Æ ³õ°í °Ë¼ÒÇÏ°Ô »ìµµ·Ï Ưº°ÇÑ ÁöħÀ» Áֱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×´Â 1879³â ÀýÁ¦È¸ ¼³¸³°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±Ç°í¸¦ ±³È¸ÀÇ ¸ðµç û³àµé¿¡°Ô Àû¿ëÇß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Ã»³à Á¶Á÷ÀÇ ½ÃÃÊÀÌ´Ù. 1877³â 7¿ù ±×´Â ù¹ø° ½ºÅ×ÀÌÅ© »óÈ£ºÎÁ¶È¸¸¦ Á¶Á÷Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© À¯Å¸ ÁÖ ¿ÁµçÀ¸·Î ¿©ÇàÇß´Ù.¡±(¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 90~91ÂÊ)

 

Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ °ñµå ·¯½Ã´Â ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ©¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼ºµµµé¿¡°Ô ¾î¶² ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃƴ°¡?

1848³â¿¡ Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ¿¡¼­ ±ÝÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, ±×°ÍÀº Ãæ½ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â ÃູÀ̾úÁö¸¸, ½Å¾ÓÀÌ ¾àÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â À¯È¤À̾ú´Ù. µ¿ºÎ¿¡¼­ ±ÝÀ» ãÀ¸·Á´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹°°áÀº Æò¿øÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°îÀ» Áö³ª°¬´Ù. °è°î¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿­¾ÇÇÑ È¯°æÀ» ºÒÆíÇÏ°Ô ¿©±ä ÀϺΠ±³È¸ ȸ¿øµéÀº ¸¶Â÷¿¡ ÁüÀ» ½Æ°í ¶°³¯ Â÷ºñ¸¦ Çß´Ù. ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ±Ç°íÇß´Ù. ¡°Çϳª´Ô²²¼­´Â ÀÌ°÷À» ±×ºÐÀÇ ¼ºµµµéÀÇ ÁýÇÕ Àå¼Ò·Î Á¤ÇØ Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ±ÝÀ» ã¾Æ ³ª¼­´Â °Íº¸´Ù´Â ÀÌ °÷¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆíÀÌ ÈξÀ ³ªÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¡¦ ±Ý°ú Àº, ±×¸®°í ÁöÇÏ¿¡ dzºÎÇÏ°Ô ¹¯Èù ±¤¹° ÀÚ¿ø¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇÑ ÀÌ ³ª¶ó¿Í °ßÁÙ ³ª¶ó´Â ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù°í Çصµ ±×°ÍÀº ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¸Ã°Ü µÎ½Ã°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ̳ª ±×°ÍÀ» ã°Ô Çϼ¼¿ä. ¿ì¸®´Â ¶¥À» °³°£ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡±(in Brown, Giant of the Lord, 132~133) ÀϺΠ»ç¶÷µéÀº Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ·Î ¶°³µÁö¸¸, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ȸÀåÀÇ ¶æÀ» Ãæ½ÇÈ÷ µû¸¥ Å¿À¸·Î ±× ÇØ¿¡ dz¼ºÇÑ ¼öÈ®À» °ÅµÎ¾î µé¿´´Ù.

1849³â¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø À¯¸íÇÑ °ñµå ·¯½Ã´Â ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°î¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¼ºµµµé¿¡°Ô Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ÃູÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. »óÇ°µéÀ» ½Æ°í Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ·Î °¡´ø »óÀεéÀº ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ©½ÃƼ¿¡ µµÂøÇÏ¿©, ±×µéÀÌ ¹è·Î º¸³½ ½ÄÇ°, ÀǺ¹ ¹× ¿¬Àå µîÀÌ ÀÌ¹Ì ±× °÷ ½ÃÀå¿¡ µµÂøÇßÀ½À» ¾Ë°í´Â, ±×µéÀÇ »óÇ°µéÀ» ¼ºµµµé¿¡°Ô Çæ°ªÀ¸·Î ÆȾҴÙ. ±ÝÀ» ij·¯ °¡´ø »ç¶÷µéµµ ¼ºµµµé¿¡°Ô ¸¶Â÷ ¼ö¸®¸¦ ÀÇ·ÚÇØ¾ß Çß´Ù. »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ©¿¡¼­´Â ºó ¸¶Â÷¸¦ ²ô´Â ÀÏÇàÀ» ÆÄ°ßÇÏ¿© ±Ý±¤À¸·Î »¡¸® °¡±â À§ÇØ ÁüÀ» °¡º±°Ô ÇÏ°íÀÚ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±æ°¡¿¡ ¹ö¸° ¹°°ÇµéÀ» ¸ð¾Æ ½Ç¾î¿À°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

 

ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀåÀÇ À¯»ê

ÈÄÀÏÀÇ ¸ð¼¼

Á¦ÀÏȸÀå´Ü º¸Á¿´´ø Á¶Áö Å¥ ij³Í ȸÀåÀº ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀå¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸»¾¸Çϸ鼭 ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÀüÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡°¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °¡¼­ ¿µ ȸÀåÀÇ ¼³±³¸¦ ÀÐ°í ±×°¡ ¼±ÁöÀÚ¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Áö±Ý ¹ÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é, Àú´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÐ°í ³ª¼­ ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³­ ÈÄ¿¡ ±×°¡ ¼±ÁöÀÚ¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» È®½ÅÇϸ®¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±×´Â Àå·¡ ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼±ÁöÀÚ°¡ ±×ÀÇ ¹é¼ºµé¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇϵíÀÌ ¸»Çß°í, ±×ÀÇ ¸»¾¸Àº Çϳª´Ô°ú °°Àº ÁöÇý·Î °¡µæ Â÷ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×´Â Æò»ý µ¿¾È ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ È帣´Â ¹°Ã³·³ ¸»¾¸À» ÀüÇ߱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡±(Gospel Truth, 1:328)

 

ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀåÀÇ Á×À½°ú À¯»ê

1. ¡°ÁöµµÀڷμ­ ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ½ÇõÀûÀÌ°í Á¤¿­ÀûÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¼ºµµµé¿¡°Ô °¡¸£Ä§°ú ¿ë±â¸¦ ÁÖ±â À§ÇØ ±³È¸ÀÇ ¸ðµç Á¤ÂøÁö¸¦ ¿©ÇàÇß´Ù. ¸»¾¸°ú ¸ð¹üÀ¸·Î½á, ±×´Â ȸ¿øµéÀÌ ±³È¸¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀÇ ºÎ¸§¿¡ Ãæ½ÇÇϵµ·Ï °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù.¡±

2. ¡°ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» µ¹ÀÌÄÑ º¸¸ç, ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ´º¿å½ÃÀÇ ÇÑ ½Å¹® ÆíÁýÀÚ¿¡°Ô ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ´äÀåÀ» ½è´Ù.¡±

3. ¡°¡®Áö³­ 26³â µ¿¾È ÀúÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ °£´ÜÈ÷ ¿ä¾àÇؼ­ ¸»¾¸µå¸®ÀÚ¸é, ¾à 10¸¸ ¸í Á¤µµÀÇ Èı⠼ºµµµéÀÌ ÀÌ °æ°è ³»¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼¼¿î 200¿© °³ÀÇ Å©°í ÀÛÀº µµ½Ã¿¡ ¼ºµµµéÀÌ °ÅÁÖÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¡¦ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °øµ¿Ã¼¸¦ Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°°í ÀÌ·Ó°Ô Çϱâ À§ÇØ Çб³¿Í °øÀå°ú Á¦ºÐ¼Ò¿Í ±âŸ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ½Ã¼³À» ¼¼¿ü½À´Ï´Ù.¡¯¡±

4. ¡°¡®Àú´Â ¿Â »ý¾Ö¸¦ ¹ÙÃÄ Àü´ÉÇϽŠÇϳª´Ô²² ºÀ»çÇß½À´Ï´Ù.¡¯¡±(Hinckley, Truth Restored, 127~128ÂÊ¿¡¼­ ÀοëÇÔ)

5. ¡°1876³â 9¿ù, ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ±¸ÁÖ¿¡ ´ëÇØ °­ÇÑ °£ÁõÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡®Àú´Â ¿¹¼ö²²¼­ ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµÀ̽øç, ±¸ÁÖ¿ä, ±¸¼ÓÁÖ¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» °£Áõµå¸³´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ±×ºÐÀÇ ¸»¾¸¿¡ ¼øÁ¾ÇØ ¿Ô°í, ±×ºÐÀÇ ¾à¼ÓÀ» ÀúÀÇ »î¿¡¼­ È®½ÇÈ÷ ÀÌÇØÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ ÁöÇý·Î ¾òÀ» ¼öµµ ¾ø°í, ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ Áö½ÄÀÌ »©¾Ñ¾Æ °¥ ¼öµµ ¾ø´Â ±×ºÐ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» °®°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.¡¯¡±[Journal of Discourses, 18:233]

6. ¡°1877³â 8¿ù, ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ¸Å¿ì ½ÉÇÑ º´¿¡ °É·ÈÀ¸¸ç, ÀÇ»çÀÇ Ä¡·á¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¸çÄ¥ ¸¸¿¡ ¼¼»óÀ» ¶°³µ´Ù. ±× ¶§ ±×ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ 76¼¼¿´À¸¸ç, ±³È¸¸¦ À̲ø¾î ¿Â Áö 33³âÀÌ µÇ´Â ÇØ¿´´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸®´Â ±×¸¦ Çö´ëÀÇ À̽º¶ó¿¤À» ¾à¼ÓÀÇ ¶¥À¸·Î ÀεµÇØ ¿Â Á¤¿­ÀûÀÎ ¼±ÁöÀÚ·Î ±â¾ïÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¼³±³´Â Á¾±³°¡ ¸ÅÀϸÅÀÏÀÇ °æÇèÀÇ ÀϺζó´Â °ÍÀ» ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ÇØ ÁÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÏ»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ¸é¿¡¼­ °¨µ¿À» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¼­ºÎ º¯°æ Áö¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇØ¿Í Çö¸íÇÑ ÁöħÀ¸·Î, ÇÏ´ÃÀÇ ÃູÀ¸·Î½á »ç¸·¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹À» °Ç¼³ÇÑ °Í°ú °°Àº, ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô¸¸ º¸¿´´ø °ú¾÷À» ¼ºÃëÇϵµ·Ï ¼ºµµµé¿¡°Ô ¿µ°¨À» ºÒ¾î³Ö¾î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.¡±(¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 91ÂÊ)

 

ºê¸®°Ë ¿µÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú °£Áõ

7. ¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 48Àý°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿©, ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»¾¸Çß´Ù. ¡°¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ ¹®ÀåÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ» ÀÌ·¸°Ô °íÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¡®³ÊÈñ´Â ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸¸Å­ ¿ÂÀüÇÏ¶ó¡¯±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±â·Ï¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé Çϴÿ¡ °è½Å ³ÊÈñ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¿ÂÀüÇϽɰú °°ÀÌ ³ÊÈñµµ ¿ÂÀüÇ϶ó°í µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö¸¸ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÂÀüÇØÁú ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¸¸Å­¸¸ ¿ÂÀüÇØÁö±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¡¦ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹æµµ¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ¹üÀ§ ³»¿¡¼­ Ãæ½ÇÈ÷ ÇàÇÒ ¶§, ¿ì¸®´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ º¸Á ¾Õ¿¡ Àִ õ»çµéó·³ ÀÇ·Ó´Ù´Â ÀÎÁ¤À» ¹Þ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.¡±(Discourses of Brigham Young, 80ÂÊ)

8. ¼±ÁöÀÚ Á¶¼Á ½º¹Ì½º°¡ Á×Àº Áö ¾à »ï ³âÂë Áö³­ ÈÄ¿¡, ºê¸®°Ë ¿µÀº ²Þ ¶Ç´Â ½ÃÇö¿¡¼­ Á¶¼Á ½º¹Ì½º¸¦ º¸¾Ò´Ù. ¿µ ȸÀåÀº ¼±ÁöÀÚ¿¡°Ô ±³È¸ ȸ¿øµé¿¡°Ô ÀüÇÒ ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ÀÖ´À³Ä°í ¹°¾ú´Ù. ¡°Á¶¼ÁÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ô ³ª¾Æ¿Í¼­ ¸Å¿ì ÁøÁöÇÏÁö¸¸ Áñ°Å¿î ¸ð½ÀÀ¸·Î ¹Ù¶óº¸¸é¼­ ¸»Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ¡®°â¼ÕÇÏ°í Ãæ½ÇÇÏ¿© Ç×»ó ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ¿µÀ» °£Á÷Çϸé, ±×·Î ÀÎÇØ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ±æ·Î Àεµ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¹é¼ºµé¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇϽʽÿÀ. ÀÛ°í Á¶¿ëÇÑ ¼Ò¸®¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇÏ¿© ±Í¸¦ ±â¿ïÀÌ°í, ±× ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ¿Ü¸éÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ê½Ã¿À. ±× À½¼ºÀº ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀÏ°ú °¡¾ß ÇÒ ¹æÇâÀ» °¡¸£ÃÄ ÁÙ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¡¦ ±×µéÀº ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ¿µ°ú ±âŸ ¸ðµç ¿µÀ» ½Äº°ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ¿µÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¿µÈ¥¿¡ ±â»Ý°ú ÆòÈ­¸¦ ¼Ó»è¿© ÁÙ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ¿µÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¸¶À½¿¡¼­ ¾ÇÀÇ¿Í ¹Ì¿ò°ú ´ÙÅù°ú ¸ðµç ¾ÇÀ» ¾ø¾Ö°í, ¼±À» ÇàÇÏ°í ÀǸ¦ ÀÌ·ç¸ç Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹À» °Ç¼³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù ±×µéÀÇ ¼Ò¸ÁÀ¸·Î À̲ø °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡¯¡± (Manuscript History of Brigham Young, 1846~1847, comp. Elden J. Watson[1971], 539ÂÊ)

9. ¡°³»°¡ ÀÌ ¹é¼ºµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ °®´Â °¡Àå Å« µÎ·Á¿òÀº ±×µéÀÌ ÀÌ ¶¥¿¡¼­ Å« ºÎ¸¦ ¾ò°í, Çϳª´Ô°ú ±×ÀÇ ¹é¼ºµéÀ» ÀØÀ¸¸ç, »ìÂî°í, ÀڽŵéÀ» ±³È¸¿¡¼­ °È¾îÂ÷ Áö¿ÁÀ¸·Î ºüÁö°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Ê³ª ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¹é¼ºµéÀº ÆøµµÀÇ ½À°Ý°ú °­Å», °¡³­, ¿Â°® ¹ÚÇظ¦ ´Ù °ßµð¾î ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­µµ Áø½ÇÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ³»°¡ °¡Àå µÎ·Á¿ö ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºÎ¿¡µµ °ßµð¾î ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡±(Å´º¼, ¿ë¼­°¡ ³º´Â ±âÀû, 51ÂÊ)

10. ¡°¿©·¯ºÐÀ̳ª Á¦°¡ ±âµµÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº ±âºÐÀÎÁö ¾î¶²Áö´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ±âµµÇÒ ½Ã°£ÀÌ µÇ¸é ±âµµÇϽʽÿÀ. ¸¸¾à ¿ì¸®°¡ ±âµµÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº ±âºÐÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÇÒÁö¶óµµ ¿ì¸®´Â ±âµµÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÁú ¶§±îÁö ±âµµÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¡¦ ¿µÀÌ ±âµµÇϵµ·Ï ¸í·ÉÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ±â´Ù¸®´Â »ç¶÷Àº ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ °áÄÚ ±âµµ´Ù¿î ±âµµ¸¦ Á¦´ë·Î ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡±(Discourses of Brigham Young, 44)

11. ¡°ÇüÁ¦ ÀڸŠ¿©·¯ºÐ, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ 2õ ³â Àü ¶Ç´Â 5õ ³â ÀüÀÇ ½ÃÀý·Î µÇµ¹¾Æ°¡ °æÀüÀ» ¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°í °æÀüÀ» ÀÐÀ¸½Ê´Ï±î? °æÀüÀ» ±â·ÏÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡ ¼­¼­ °æÀüÀ» ÀÐ°í °è½Ê´Ï±î? ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´À³¦À» ´À³¢½ÃÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÏ»óÀÇ ´ëÈ­³ª »êÃ¥ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇØ ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ ¡¦ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ±â·ÏµÈ ¸»¾¸ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ Àß ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Æ¯±ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡±(±³È¸ ȸÀåµéÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§: ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ, 119ÂÊ)

12. ¡°Àú´Â ÀÌ ¹é¼ºµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀ» °ú½ÅÇÑ ³ª¸ÓÁö ±×µéÀ» Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ÀεµÇÏ´ÂÁöÀÇ ¿©ºÎ¸¦ Çϳª´Ô²² ¿©Â庸Áöµµ ¾Ê´Â ¿ì¸¦ ¹üÇÒ±î ºÁ °ÆÁ¤ÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ±×µéÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±¸¿ø°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿©, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¸ñÀû¿¡ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¹æÇØ°¡ µÇ´Â ¹«¸ðÇÑ È®½Å¿¡ ÀÇÁöÇÏ¿©, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ ¿î¸íÀ» ±×µéÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ ¸Ã±ä ä ¸Í¸ñÀûÀÎ Àڱ⠾ÈÀü »óÅ¿¡ ¾ÈÁÖÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ»±î µÎ·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÌ ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀÇ °è½Ã¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ±æ·Î ÀεµµÇ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ ½º½º·Î ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °æ¿ì, ±×µéÀÌ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÇ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ¾àÈ­½ÃÅ°Áö ¾ÊÀ»±î ÇÏ°í ¿°·ÁµË´Ï´Ù.¡± (Discourses of Brigham Young, 135)

13. ¡°»ç¶÷µéÀº ¿Ö ¹èµµ¸¦ Çմϱî? ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾Æ½Ã´Â ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ ¿ì¸®´Â Áö±Ý ¡®½Ã¿ÂÀÇ Á¤µç ¹è¡¯¸¦ Ÿ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹è´Â ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ÇÑ º¹ÆÇ¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÆødzÀÌ ºÒ¾î¿É´Ï´Ù. ¼±¿øµéÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ ´ë·Î ¹è´Â ¸÷½Ã °íÀüÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÑ Å¾½ÂÀÚ°¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¡®³ª´Â ¿©±â ¾È ÀÖÀ» Å×¾ß. ÀÌ ¹è´Â ½Ã¿ÂÀÇ ¹è°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ °Í °°¾Æ. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿ì¸®´Â Áö±Ý ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ÇÑ º¹ÆÇ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °É. »ó°ü ¾ø¾î. ¿©±â ¾È ÀÖÀ» Å×¾ß.¡¯±×´Â ÀÌ°°ÀÌ ¸»Çϸ鼭 »óÀǸ¦ ¹þ°í ¹è¿¡¼­ ¹Ù´Ù·Î ¶Ù¾îµé¾î °©´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷Àº ºüÁ® Á×Áö ¾ÊÀ»±î¿ä? ±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ±³È¸¸¦ ¶°³ª´Â »ç¶÷µéµµ ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¹è´Â¡®½Ã¿ÂÀÇ Á¤µç ¹è¡¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®µéÀº ÀÌ ¹è ¾È¿¡ ¸Ó¹°·¯ ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇսôÙ.¡±(±³È¸ ȸÀåµéÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§: ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ, 83ÂÊ )

14. ¡°Àú´Â Á¶¼Á ½º¹Ì½º¸¦ »ý°¢ÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ÇÒ·¼·ç¾ß¸¦ ¿ÜÄ¡°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â, ±×´Â ÁÖ´Ô²²¼­ ¼¼¿ì½Ã°í ¼ºÀÓÇϼÌÀ¸¸ç, Áö»ó¿¡ Çϳª´Ô ¿Õ±¹À» °Ç¼³ÇÏ°í À¯ÁöÇÒ ¿­¼è¿Í ±Ç¼¼¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸½Å ¼±ÁöÀÚÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¡¦¡± (Discourses of Brigham Young, 458~459)

15. ¡°´©°¡ Á¶¼Á ½º¹Ì½º¿¡ ´ëÀûÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ» ¿Ç´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú½À´Ï±î? ³ª´Â ´©±¸ ¸øÁö¾Ê°Ô ±×¸¦ Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×ÀÇ ºÎ¸ð´ÔµéÀÌ ³ªº¸´Ù ±×¸¦ ´õ Àß ¾È´Ù°í ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌ Áö±¸»ó¿¡¼­ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µµ ³ªº¸´Ù ±×¸¦ ´õ Àß ¾È´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â Á¶¼Á ½º¹Ì½º°¡ ÀÌ Áö»ó¿¡ »ì°í Àְųª »ì¾Ò´ø »ç¶÷ Áß¿¡¼­ ¿¹¼ö¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í´Â °¡Àå ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ºÐÀ̶ó°í °¨È÷ ¸»¾¸µå¸®°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×ÀÇ ÁõÀÎÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡±(Discourses of Brigham Young, 459)

16. ¡°È¸Àåµé°ú »çµµµé°ú Àå·ÎµéÀÌ ÁÖ´Ô²²¼­ ±×µé¿¡°Ô Çϵµ·Ï ¸Ã±â½Å ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ°í, ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÁֽŠ±Ç°í¿¡ ¼øÁ¾ÇÏ°Ô ÇսôÙ. ±×·¯¸é ¿Õ±¹Àº °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ÀüÁøÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç, ¿Õ±¹ÀÇ Èû°ú, ±× Á߿伺°ú, ±× ±Ô¸ð ¹× ±Ç¼¼¿Í, ÁöÇý¿Í, ¿¹Áö¿Í ¿µ±¤ÀÌ °è¼Ó Ä¿Áú °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ¹«µµ °ÆÁ¤ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿ì¸® ÁÖ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¼¼¿ì½Å ¿Õ±¹À¸·Î¼­ â¼¼·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ¹«ÇÑÇϽŠÁöÇý¿Í ±Ç¼¼·Î ÁöÁöÇØ ¿À½Å ¿Õ±¹À̱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡±(Discourses of Brigham Young,148)

    Prophet, Seer, and Revelator... President of the Church... Frontiersman... Explorer... Territorial Governor... Statesman... Military Commander... these are but a few of the roles played by the remarkable President Brigham Young. He has been called the American Moses for leading the Saints on the Exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois to the Great Salt Lake in Utah.

    Brigham Young was born June 1, 1801 in Wittingham, Windham County, Vermont to John Young and Abigail Howe Young. He was the ninth of eleven children. His parents being Methodist, Brigham affiliated with that sect at the age of twenty-one. He mastered several trades, among them, carpenter, joiner, painter, and glazier.

    Brigham married Miriam Works in 1824 and the couple settled in the town of Aurelius, New York, only some fifteen miles from Manchester, where Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery were working on the translation of the Golden Plates. Doubtless he heard rumors of their work and doubtless those rumors were not complimentary. Nevertheless, when given a copy of the Book of Mormon, a year later, by his father, who proclaimed it to be "the greatest work and clearest of error of anything [I have] ever seen, the Bible not excepted," Brigham studied it carefully and prayed for a divine confirmation of its truthfulness, which he received.

    Brigham was baptized April 14, 1832 and ordained an Elder the same day. In September of the same year, his wife, Miriam, died and after attending to her burial, Brigham determined to join the Saints in Kirtland, Ohio. It was there that Brigham met The Prophet for the first time. Both a close friendship and a great love developed between the two men. On the very date of their first meeting, Joseph prophesied that "the time would come when Brother Brigham Young will preside over this Church."

Mary Ann Angell    Brigham immersed himself in service to the Church, serving a mission to Canada. In 1834 he married Mary Ann Angell, then later the same year joined the Military expedition to relieve the Saints in Missouri known as Zion's Camp. Despite much murmuring and disaffection displayed by others on the March, Brigham remained loyal to the Prophet and often defended him. Joseph never had a more loyal defender than Brigham Young. Through the remainder of Joseph's life, he would often face down the disloyal and the apostates in his defense of Joseph.

    In 1835, the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles was organized with Brigham called and set apart as a member. Brigham worked on the Temple during 1835 and 1836 until mob action drove him to join the Saints in Far West, Missouri where he established his residence in 1838. By this time he was the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Thomas B. Marsh having been excommunicated for apostasy and David W. Patten having suffered the martyr's fate. Thus when Joseph was imprisoned of false charges, the day-to-day running of the Church largely fell on President Young's shoulders. Brigham directed the evacuation of the Saints from Missouri which resulted in the settling of Nauvoo. This training of leadership in the face of persecution and adversity would stand him in good stead when a few years later, following the murder of Joseph and Hyrum, Brigham would lead the Saints west.

    During 1840-41 President Young filled a mission to England. Then, after his return to Nauvoo, he was called two years later to another mission, this time in the Eastern States. He returned to Nauvoo October 22, 1843.

    The Church was thrown into great turmoil by the murder of The Prophet and The Patriarch in Carthage, Illinois on June 27, 1844. A pattern of succession had not been established and there were conflicting claims to the leadership of the Church. Among these William Marks, President of the Nauvoo Stake, presented himself. William Strang claimed that Joseph had appointed him (Strang) as successor in a lengthy letter supposedly posted just nine days before the Martyrdom. William Smith, The Prophet's brother made a claim based on lineage. Perhaps Sidney Rigdon's claim attracted the most adherents, based on his position as First Counselor in the First Presidency. But when Brigham Young rose to speak and present the Twelve's claim, it was seen by the multitude that the mantle of Joseph fell upon Brigham. He was both heard and seen to speak as Joseph. The question of succession was answered and Brigham as President of the Twelve led the Church from that time forth, though several splinters broke away.

    The enemies of the Church had believed that with Joseph gone, the Church would fall. When they were disavowed of that belief, the persecution resumed and it was necessary for the Church to abandon Nauvoo in a great exodus to the west. Brigham's life of faith and leadership had prepared him well and on July 24, 1847, the main body of the Pioneer Company entered the valley of the Great Salt Lake. Later that year the First Presidency was organized with Brigham as President of the Church.

    Brigham's genius as an empire builder emerged and the desert was seen to blossom as a rose, as Saints were sent to settle the Great Basin of the Rocky Mountains. Brigham dedicated four temple sites and lived to see the St. George Temple completed. In politics, Brigham served as Governor of the State of Deseret and later of the Utah Territory. He founded the Deseret University, now the University of Utah, and the Brigham Young Academy, now Brigham Young University.

    Brigham died August 29, 1877 with the words, "Joseph, Joseph, Joseph, Joseph!" on his lips.


Bibliography
    Andrew Jenson,
LDS Biographical Encyclopedia, Vol. 1, p.8
    Andrew Jenson,
LDS Biographical Encyclopedia, Vol. 4, p.724
    Lyndon W. Cook,
The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith, p.279
    Lawrence R. Flake,
Prophets and Apostles of the Last Dispensation, p.23
   
2005 Church Almanac, p.52 0


Selected Discourses

Grampa Bill believes this to be the most complete listing available free on the web of Brigham Young's talks and articles. Please email the Grampa if you note any busted links, errors, or if you are aware of any Brigham Young talks or articles not listed here but available on the web.

Any talk marked with an asterisk (*) is not (to my knowledge) available anywhere else on the web. As a service, it has been copied onto this web site.

 

This directory links to some talks which address topics no longer emphasized by the Church. One should also be aware that the science of stenography had not yet been completely developed and accuracy of transcription cannot be guaranteed. Although President Young supported and encouraged the publication of the Journal of Discourses, he did not read and approve the transcription of each talk as contained therein. There was no Correlation Committee in those days. The reader should approach these areas prayerfully and as guided by the Holy Ghost.

TITLE

SOURCE

Attention, All
This is perhaps the most important discourse of Brigham Young's life. In it, he refutes the claims of the aspirants to the Presidency following Joseph Smith's martyrdom. He was seen and heard to take the form of Joseph as the mantle of authority visibly fell upon his shoulders.

Streets of Nauvoo, 8 August 1844

Blessings of the Saints - A House for the Lord

Christmas Festival
Carpenters' Hall
16 December 1851

Recreation and the Proper Use of it

Territorial House, 4 March 1852

Weakness and Impotence of Men - Condition of the Saints -Dedication to the Lord - The Millennium

General Conference
The New Tabernacle, now called
The Old Adobe Tabernacle
6 April 1852

The Lord at the Head of His Kingdom

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 7 April 1852

Education

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 8 April 1852

Self-Government - Mysteries - Tithing - Adam, Our Father and Our God

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 9 April 1852

March of "Mormonism"

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 13 June 1852

Knowledge of the Doctrine of Christ

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 11 July 1852

Settlement of the Great Basin

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 24 July 1852

Weaknesses of Man - Loyalty of the Saints - Corruption of the World - True Liberty - Conduct of the American People

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 1 August 1852

The Gospel of Salvation-A Vision-Redemption of the Earth and All that Pertains to it

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 8 August 1852

Extensive Character of the Gospel - Comprehensiveness of Divine Revelation

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 15 August 1852

Necessity of Being Pure in Heart

Special Conference, Old Adobe Tabernacle, 28 August 1852

The Sacrament - The Sabbath - Sectarian Opposition to the Doctrine and Ordinances of the Gospel, etc.

Special Conference, Old Adobe Tabernacle, 29 August 1852

Management of the Canyons - Paying Debts - Keeping Stores- Material for the Temple

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 9 October 1852

Salvation
This is the first Brigham Young address listed in the
Journal of Discourses, volume 1, page 1.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 16 January 1853

Organization and Development of Man

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 February 1853

Building Temples

Temple Square, 14 February 1853

The Privileges and Blessings of the Gospel

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 20 February 1853

Duties and Privileges

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 27 February 1853

Joseph, A True Prophet - Apostates - Etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 27 March 1853

Necessity of Building Temples - The Endowment

General Conference
Temple Square
Laying of Cornerstone 6 April 1853

The Temple Cornerstones

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 April 1853

Heirship

General Conference, Old Adobe Tabernacle, 8 April 1853

Saints Subject to Temptation-True Riches, Virtue, and Sanctification-"Mormonism"-Gladdenites, Apostles, and Saints-Devils Without Tabernacles

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 17 April 1853

A Journey South - Indian Difficulties - Watching and Prayer - Thieves and Their Deserts - Eastern Intelligence- Financial State of the Church - Gaining Knowledge, Etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 8 May 1853

Use and Abuse of Blessings

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 5 June 1853

Where the Wicked Will Go

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 19 June 1853

Life and Death, or Organization and Disorganization

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 10 July 1853

Effects and Priviledges of the Gospel - The Latter-day Saints and the Christian World

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 24 July 1853

Indian Hostilities and Treachery
Brigham, the Curmudgeon, begins to show forth. If the Saints would just follow the Prophet... This is powerful reading. Obstensibly for the Saints of his day, there are messages that will benefit us today.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 31 July 1853

True and False Riches

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 14 August 1853

Confidence - Advice to Emigrants - Danger in Prosperity

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 11 September 1853

Gathering the Poor - The Perpetual Immigrating Fund - Ingratitude

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 October 1853

The Gospel-Growing in Knowledge-The Lord's Supper-Blessings of Faithfulness-Futility of Persecution-Creation of Adam-Experience

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 23 October 1853

Comprehensiveness of True Religion - The Saints but Stewards

Salt Lake City, 5 December 1853

Perfection and Salvation - Self-Government

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 18 December 1853

Proper Treatment of the Indians, etc.

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 April 1854

Celebration of the Fourth of July

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 4 July 1854

The Word of Wisdom Especially Suited to Infants and Youth - Privations in Missouri - Necessity of Integrity, And Strife for Excellence - Responsibility of Parents

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 24 July 1854

Debtors to the Perpetual Emigrating Fund

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 October 1854

Marriage Relationships of Bishops and Deacons

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 October 1854

Spiritual Gifts - Hell - The Spirit World - The Elders and the Nations - The Lamanites - The Temple

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 3 December 1854

The Constitution and Govenment of the United States - Rights and Policy of the Latter-day Saints
Read by Elder Thomas Bullock

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 18 February 1855

The Priesthood and Satan-The Constitution and Govenment of the United States - Rights and Policy of the Latter-day Saints
This is a continuation of and commentary on the written address which had just been read by Elder Thomas Bullock.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 18 February 1855

Faithfulness and Apostacy

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 April 1855

Preaching and Testimony-Gathering Israel-The Blood of Israel and the Gentiles-The Science of Life

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 8 April 1855

The Necessity of the Saints Havong the Spirit of Revelation-Faith and Works-The Power of God and of the Devil

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 May 1855

Dependence on the Lord

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 27 May 1855

Consecration

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 3 June 1855

Utah Delegate to Washington-U.S. Government and Officers

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 17 June 1855

The Kingdom of God

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 8 July 1855

Plurality of Wives-The Free Agency of Man

Bowery, Provo, 14 July 1855

Gathering the Poor

Bowery, 16 September 1855

Faith-Practical Religion-Chastisement-Necessity of Devils

General Conference
Second Bowery, 6 October 1855

Necessity of Home Missions-Purification of the Saints-Chastisement-Honesty in Business

General Conference
Second Bowery, 8 October 1855

The Powers of the Priesthood Not Generally Understood-The Necessity of Living by Revelation-The Abuse of Blessings

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 27 January 1856

Cleaving to Every Good Principle *

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 17 February 1856

Lawyers, and those Who Practice Attending Law Courts, Rebuked-A Curse Pronounced Upon All Who Love Litigation and do not Repent

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 24 February 1856

Living Up to the Light

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 2 March 1856

Instructions to the Bishops-Men Judged According to Their Knowledge-Organization of the Spirit and Body-Thought and Labor to be Blended Together

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 16 March 1856

Difficulties Not Found Among the Saints Who Live Their Religion-Adversity Will Teach Them Their Dependence on God-God Invisibly Controls the Affairs of Mankind

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 16 March 1856

Preaching-Necessity of the Saints Having Confidence in Those Over Them-Necessity of Wisdom in Dealing With Those who are Dead to Good Works-Ignorance of Worldly Philosophers-The Principle of Life as Shown in the Dissolution of Organized Matter

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 23 March 1856

Disinclination of Men to learn Through the Teachings and Experience of Others-Latter-day Saints Compared With Those of Former Days-Sacrifice-Sheep and Goats-Customs and Traditions

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 20 April 1856

Irrigation-Every Saint Should Labor for the Interest of the Community-It is the Lord That Gives the Increase-Etc.

Second Bowery, 8 June 1856

Remarks on a Revelation Given in August 1831-General Instructions

Second Bowery, 15 June 1856

The Order of Progression in Knowledge-The Way by Which Saints Become One-Aptness of Men to Remember Evil Rather Than Good-A Characteristic of Saints is to Remember Good and Forget Evil-Our Affections Should be Placed on the Kingdom of God Above All Other Things

Second Bowery, 15 June 1856

The Gift of Prophecy and Tongues-The Former Circumstances and Present Condition of the Saints Contrasted-Trials and Temptations Necessary to Exaltation-The Condition of Disembodied Spirits-Redemption of the Dead

Second Bowery, 22 June 1856

Faith-Healing the Sick-The Saints' Interests are One-All of Our Efforts Should Tend to the Upbuilding of the Kingdom of God

Second Bowery, 17 August 1856

Testimony to the Divinity of Joseph Smith's Mission-Elders Should Go Their Missions Without Purse or Scrip-The Lord Deals With the Saints-Jesus Their President-Satan Angry

Second Bowery, 31 August 1856

A Call for an Expression of the Condition of the People-Repentence Among the Saints Necessary-Renewing of Covenants

Second Bowery, 21 September 1856

The People of God Disciplined by Trials-Atonement by the Shedding of Blood-Our Heavenly Father-A Privilege Given to all the Married Sisters in Utah

Second Bowery, 21 September 1856

The Hand-Cart Emigration - Opinions of the Emigrants Concerning It - Females Endure the Journey Better Than Males, Etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 28 September 1856

Get Them Here!
Brigham's emergency call for the rescue of the Willie and Martin Handcart Companies, then stranded in the High Plains of Wyoming facing starvation and freezing temperatures with an early winter coming on.

General Conference
Second Bowery, 5 October 1856

Counsel Concerning Immigration-Benefits to be Derived from an Early Start-Crossing the Plains with Hand Carts, Etc

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 2 November 1856

Reformation Necessary Among the Saints-Infidel Philosophy

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 2 November 1856

The Gospel Like a Net Cast into the Sea-Good and Bad in the Church-Embrace Principles in your Faith, Not Men-Confess only to Those Against Whom You Have Sinned-Economize the Gifts of God, Etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 9 November 1856

The Emigrating Saints Were Prompted by the Spirit of God

Second Bowery, 9 November 1856

Temptations and Trials Necessary to Exaltation-If the Saints Perform Their Obligations, the Lord Will Not Fail in His-Hsnd Cart Emigration Preferable to that by Ox Teams

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 16 November 1856

Funeral Sermon On the Death of Pres. Jedediah M. Grant

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 4 December 1856

Prophets Weep Because of the Sins of the People

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 1 February 1857

To Know God is Eternal Life-God the Father of Our Spirits and Bodies-Things Created Spiritually First-Atonement by the Shedding of Blood

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 8 February 1857

Necessity for Reformation a Disgrace

Salt Lake City; Venue not given
8 February 1857

Our Relatives, Those who do the Will of God - The Elders Should be as Fathers and Shepherds in Istael, and Not as Masters - Self-confidence, and the Way to Obtain It - The Prophet Joseph Not Yet Resurrected - Preaching to the Spirits in Prison, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 25 March 1857

He That Loveth not his Brother Loveth not God - If we Have Not Confidence in our Leaders we Shall Not Have it in a Higher Power - The Church Holds the Keys of Salvation - The Providences of God to the Saints

Second Bowery, 29 March 1857

Object of the Express Carrying Company - Why Success Attends the Ministerial Labours of Some Elders, and Not Those of Others - Counsel to Store up Grain Enough to Last Seven Years

General Conference, Salt Lake City
Venue not given, 6 April 1857

The Power and Importance of Economy - Domestic Extravagance and Mismanagement, With Their Bad Results

General Conference, Salt Lake City
Second Bowery, 6 April 1857

Journey to the North - Unanimity and Peaceful Order of the Company - Geographical Character of the Country Traversed - Good Condition and Blessings of the Saints in Zion

Second Bowery, 31 May 1857

Practical Religion - Simplicity - Temporal Salvation - Advantages of Utah as a Settlement for the Saints - False Reports, etc.

Second Bowery, 7 June 1857

The Constitution of the United States Guarantees All We Ask - Hollow Gentility - Power of the "Mormon" Leaders - Government Corruption

Second Bowery, 7 June 1857

Comprehensiveness of True Religion - Sacrifice for the Kingdom of God - The Saints Should be Superior to the World in All Things - Trust in God, etc.

Second Bowery, 14 June 1857

Exchange of Feeling and Sentiment Produces Mutual Confidence - Necessity of Cultivating a Child-like Spirit - Devotedness of Saints in Utah Towards the Work of God - God Will Take Care of His Own Work, etc.

Second Bowery, 28 June 1857

True Happiness - Fruits of Not Following Counsel - Popular Prejudice Against the Mormons - The Coming Army - Punishment of Evil Doers

Second Bowery, 5 July 1857

True Liberty - Organization and Disorganization - Fallen Spirits - Satanic Opposition - Futile Reports of the Enemy

Second Bowery, 19 July 1857

Nebuchadnezzar's Dream - Opposition of Men and Devils to the Latter-day Kingdom - Governmental Breach of the Utah Mail Contract

Second Bowery, 26 July 1857

Joseph Smith's Family - Bashfulness in Public Speaking - The Coming Crisis - Counsel

Second Bowery, 2 August 1857

Approval of the Proceedings of the Delegation to Congress - Condition of the People of the World, etc.

Second Bowery, 9 August 1857

Tradition - Duty of the Saints to Live Their Religion - Safety of Zion - Preparation for the Future, etc.

Second Bowery, 30 August 1857

Return of Thomas B. Marsh to the Church
Click
here to go to Thomas B. Marsh's page.
Click
here to read Thomas B. Marsh's remarks.
Click
here to read President Young's continuing remarks.

Second Bowery, 6 September 1857

The United States Administration and Utah Army

Second Bowery, 13 September 1857

Movements of the Saints' Enemies - The Crisis

Second Bowery, 13 September 1857

Superiority of Pure Motives - Ascendance of the Kingdom of God - Obedience of Counsel

Second Bowery, 20 September 1857

Ultimate Victory of the Saints

Second Bowery, 4 October 1857

Advantages of Trials and Experience

General Conference, Second Bowery, 7 October 1857

Testimony of the Spirit - Revelation Given According to Requirements - Spiritual Warfare and Conquest, etc.

General Conference, Second Bowery, 7 October 1857

Present and Former Persecutions of the Saints, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 18 October 1857

Extent of the Latter-day Work - The Freedom of the Saints Dependent on Their Doing Right - Satan's Revelations, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 25 October 1857

Source of True Happiness - Prayer, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 15 November 1857

Neglect of Sunday Meetings - The Saints Gathered From the Common Classes of Society - Dishonesty, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 22 November 1857

Attention and Reflection Necessary to an Increase of Knowledge

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 29 November 1857

Providence - Ignorance of Sectarian Priests - Free Agency Agency - Recreation, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 27 December 1857

Judgement According to Works - Temporal Nature of Divine Revelations - Temporal Resources and Duties of the Saints, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 17 January 1858

Idolatry, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 7 February 1858

Wisdom Manifest in all God's Dealing With the Saints

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 28 March 1858

Apostacy the Result of Ignorance - True Government, etc.

Provo, The Bowery, 6 June 1858

Peculliarity of "Mormons" - Obedience to the Dictates of the Spirit - Knowledge of the Truth, etc.

Provo, The Bowery, 27 June 1858

Necessity of Trials - Glory of the Saint's Religion - Government of God, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 22 May 1859

Government of God

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 22 May 1859

Dependence on God as the Fountain of All Wisdom, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 29 May 1859

Want of Governing Capacities Among Men - Elements of Sacrament - Apostacy, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 5 June 1859

Funeral Sermon for Fannie Young - Resurrection of the Body - The Sprit World, etc.

Venue not given, 12 June 1859

Light and Influence of the Spirit

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 19 June 1859

Light of the Spirit - Morality - Independence of the Human Will - Incarnation of the Human Spirit

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 19 June 1859

Nature of Man - Happiness - Influence of God's Spirit Upon Mankind, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 3 July 1859

Human and Divine Government - The Latter-day Kingdom, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 31 July 1859

Priesthood and Eternal Life

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 31 July 1859

Duty of the Saints to Live Their Religion

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 4 August 1859

Building Up the Kingdom of God - How to Treat Immigrant Saint, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 20 August 1859

Providences of God - Privileges and Duties of the Saints - Spiritual Operations and Manifestations - The Spirit World, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 1 September 1859

Blessings of Association - Original Purity of the Human Spirit - Trials and Temptations, &c.

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 October 1859

Eternal Life - Blessings and Privileges of the Saints

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 October 1859

Posession of the Spirit, &c.

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 October 1859

Union, etc.

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 7 October 1859

Progress in Knowledge, &c.

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 8 October 1859

Re-Organization of the High Council - Appointment of Young Men to Offices in the Priesthood , &c.

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 8 October 1859

Intelligence, etc.

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 9 October 1859

Diligence in Preaching to the World - Providences of God Around the Saints - Charity - God's Spirit Distributed Among All Mankind -Trials, &c

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 18 December 1859

Sufferings of the Saints - Overcoming Evil With Good, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 5 January 1860

True Civilization

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 4 March 1860

Hints to Faultfinders, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 5 March 1860

Death - Resurrection, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 25 March 1860

Faith & Belief, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 1 April 1860

Advancement in Knowledge, &c.

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 5 April 1860

Universal Salvation

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 April 1860

Personal Reminiscences, &c.

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 April 1860

Voting to Sustain the Authorities of The Church - Appointment of Elder Cannon to Fill Up the Quorum of the Twelve - Remarks to Departing Missionaries

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 7 April 1860

Education - Testimony - Miracculous Signs, &c.

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 8 April 1860

Religion of the Saints - Preaching of the Gospel - Contention, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 22 April 1860

Instructions to Missionaries

Historian's Office
Salt Lake City, 25 April 1860

Privileges of the Sabbath - Duty of Living Our Religion - Human Longevity, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 20 May 1860

Confidence and Influence of the Saints - Knowledge, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 3 June 1860

Privileges of the Saints - Building Up of Zion, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 3 June 1860

Knowledge - Object of Man's Existance on the Earth, &c.

Box Elder, 7 June 1860

Journeyings of the Saints - Temporal Salvation, &c.

Wellsville, Cache Valley, 7 June 1860

Valley - Counsel to the People

Franklin, Cache Valley, 9 June 1860

Counsel to the Saints Settling in Cache Valley

Richmond, Cache Valley, 9 June 1860

Filialty of the Saints - Appointments, &c.

Logan, Cache Valley, 10 June 1860

Religion, Progress, and Privileges of the Saints, &c.

Ogden City, 12 June 1860

Salvation and Condemnation - Improvement, &c.

Willow Creek, 12 June 1860

Blessings of the Saints

Kaysville, 13 June 1860

Character of God and Christ - Providences of God - Self-Government, &c.

Second Bowery, 8 July 1860

Personal Sacrifices - Evil Influences and Powers, and the Necessity of Overcoming Them

Second Bowery, 8 July 1860

Attendance at Meetings - Self Improvement

Second Bowery, 15 July 1860

Light of the Spirit - Coming Tribulations - Present Salvation

Second Bowery, 15 July 1860

Privileges of the Saints - Providences of God, &c.

Second Bowery, 22 July 1860

Gospel of Life and Salvation, &c.

Second Bowery, 29 July 1860

Gospel of Salvation, &c.

Second Bowery, 5 August 1860

Light of the Spirit - Laws of Health - Joy in the Gospel, &c.

Second Bowery, 5 August 1860

Influence of the Elders in Preaching the Gospel - Duty of the Saints Living Their Religion, &c.

Second Bowery, 12 August 1860

Effective Preaching - Support of the Poor, &c.

Second Bowery, 19 August 1860

Triumph of "Mormonism," &c.

Second Bowery, 19 August 1860

Dealings of the Lord With His People

Second Bowery, 26 August 1860

The Three Glories

Second Bowery, 26 August 1860

Privileges of the Gathered Saints, &c

Second Bowery, 26 August 1860

Diversity Among Men as to Their Capacity for Receiving Truth, &c.

Second Bowery, 2 September 1860

Trails and Duties of the Saints

Second Bowery, 2 September 1860

The Spirit of the World and the Spirit of Zion

Second Bowery, 9 September 1860

Light of the Spirit - Course of Missionaries

Second Bowery, 9 September 1860

Covetousness, &c.

Second Bowery, 16 September 1860

Civilization - Missionary Labours, &c.

Second Bowery, 16 September 1860

Remarks Pertaining to Foreign Missions, &c.

Second Bowery, 23 September 1860

Blessings of the Saints - Covetousness, &c.

Second Bowery, 30 September 1860

Helping in the Immigration

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 October 1860

Testimony of the Spirit - Counsel to the Bishops, &c.

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 October 1860

Joys of Eternity

General Conference
Second Bowery, 6 October 1860

Persecution - The Kingdom of God, &c.

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 7 October 1860

Funds of the Church

General Conference
Second Bowery, 8 October 1860

Source of Intelligence - Laws of the Gospel, &c.

Second Bowery, 14 October 1860

Restoration - Resurrection, &c.

Second Bowery, 21 October 1860

Teachings of the Priesthood - Religion of the Saints, &c.

Second Bowery, 21 October 1860

Duties of the Saints - Organization of Elements - Economy, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 20 January 1861

Human Intelligence and Freedom - National Administrative Movements, &c.

Second Bowery, 10 February 1861

Self Knowledge - Futility of Attempts to Destry "Mormonism," &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 17 February 1861

Varieties of Mind and Character - Chastisement - Freedom, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 17 February 1861

Establishment of the Kingdom of God - Gathering the Poor, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 3 March 1861

Confession of Faults, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 10 March 1861

Rebuking Evil, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 17 March 1861

True Testimony - Preparation for Coming Events - Corruption of the Government, etc.

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 April 1861

Home Manufactures

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 7 April 1861

The Gifts of God - Home Manufactures - Word of Wisdon - Happiness

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 7 April 1861

Priesthood

Mill Creek Ward, 7 May 1861

Gathering of the Saints - Honouring the Priesthood, etc.

Second Bowery, 28 July 1861

Eternal Punishment - "Mormonism," &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 12 January 1862

Evil Deeds and Evil Doers, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 19 January 1862

Necessity of Paying Due Attention to Temporal Duties, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 26 January 1862

Call for Teams to Go to the Frontiers - Encouragement of Home Manufactures

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 2 February 1862

Robbing the Dead - Dancing, Not a Part of the Saint's Religion - Kindness in Government - More Telegraphic Wires

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 9 February 1862

Closing of Amusements - Indulging in Sin Brings Mental Darkness

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 16 February 1862

Building Up and Adornment of Zion by the Saints

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 23 February 1862

True Character of God - Erroneous Ideas Entertained Toward Him

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 23 February 1862

Necessity of Temporal Labor, Preparatory to Building a Temple

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 2 March 1862

Propriety of Theatrical Amusements - Instructions Relative to Conducting Them

Dedication of new theatre
Salt Lake City, 6 March 1862

Constitutional Powers of the Congress of the United States - Growth of the Kingdom of God

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 9 March 1862

Power Given to Man to Create

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 16 March 1862

Salvation the Result of Individual Exertion

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 23 March 1862

Government of the Tongue - Impsrtislity in Judgement - Sealing

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 April 1862

Home Manufactures - Certain Destruction of Enemies of the Truth

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 April 1862

Duties Connected With the Aaronic and Melchizedek Priesthood

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 7 April 1862

Authority of Bishops - Branch Organizations - Assisting the Mail and Telegraph Companies

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 7 April 1862

Forming a State Constitution - Raising Agricultural Products - True Riches

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 8 April 1862

Caution Against Vain Laughter - Value of the Life of Man

General Conference
Old Adobe Tabernacle, 27 April 1862

Endless Variety of Organizations - Blessings That Await the Faithful

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 25 May 1862

Design of the Lord in Gathering Together His People - Wisdom and Economy in Domestic Affairs

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 8 June 1862

The Love of Truth and Righteousness Implanted in the Natural Man - Kindness and Firmness in Governments

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 15 June 1862

Contrast Between the Religion of Jesus Christ as Enjoyed by the Saints and That of Professed Christianity

Second Bowery, 6 July 1862

The Kingdom of God

Second Bowery, 13 July 1862

A Knowledge of God Obtained Only Through Obedience to the Principles of Truth

Second Bowery, 3 August 1862

Apostleship of Joseph Smith - Destruction Awaiting the Nations

Second Bowery, 31 August 1862

Eternal Existance of Man - Foreknowledge and Predestination

Second Bowery, 28 September 1862

Never Ending Character of a Saint's Mission - Organization of the Kingdom of God

General Conference
Second Bowery, 6 October 1862

Future State of Existance

General Conference
Second Bowery, 6 October 1862

The Presecutions of the Saints - Their Loyalty to the Constitution - The Mormon Batallion - The Laws of God Relative to the African Race

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 8 March 1863

Instructions to the Latter-day Saints, In the Settlements South of Great Salt Lake City

American Fork, Utah, 20 April 1863

How and By Whom Zion is to be Built - Sanctification - General Duties of the Saints

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 24 May 1863

Knowledge, Correctly Applied, the True Source of Wealth and Power - Unity of Jesus and His Father - Miracles - Slavery - True Charity, Etc.

Second Bowery, 31 May 1863

Home Manufactures - The Necessity of Greater Attention To Them - Tithing

Second Bowery, 7 June 1863

Domestic Economy - The Kingdom of God - Building the Temple - Tithing, etc.

Second Bowery, 14 June 1863

Advice to California Emigrants - The Principles of the Gospel, etc.

Public Square
Great Salt Lake City
8 July 1863

Necessity for Watchfulness - The Proper Course to Pursue Toward Strangers - Selling Flour and Grain - The War and its Effects Upon Slavery

General Conference
Second Bowery, 6 October 1863

Tithing - Building Temples - Gold, Its Production and Uses - Governmental Policy Towards Utah - Providing Bread for the Poor

General Conference
Second Bowery, 6 October 1863

Our Relationship and Duty to God and His Kingdom - The True Source of the Prosperity and Wealth of Individuals and Nations and How to Obtain Them - Counsel to the Saints

General Conference
Second Bowery, 6 October 1863

Paying Tithing - Fasting and Prayer - Keeping the Sabbath Holy - Selling Grain - The Judgements of God, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 6 November 1863

The Intended Trip North - The Causes of the Scarcity of Breadstuff - The Sufferings of the Ungodly in the United States - The Popularity of the Gospel Undesirable

Old Adobe Tabernacle, Date Not Given

The Earth the Home of Man - The Work to be Accomplished by Man Towards Redeeming the World - The Restoration of the Gospel, and the Acknowledgement by God of His Servants, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 4 June 1864

Turning Out the Water of the Weber - Thr Sufferings of the Saints - The Desires of the Servants of God to Bless the People - The Blessings of the Lord of Israel - Endowments, etc.

Instructions by President BRIGHAM YOUNG, during his visit to Davis and Weber counties, June 10, 11, 12, and 13, 1864.

Love for the Thing of God - The Temporal Nature of the Kingdom - The Proper Use of Grain - The Love of God Should Rule in Every Heart, etc.

Synopsis of Instructions by President BRIGHAM YOUNG, during his visit to Davis, Box Elder, and Cache counties, June 22-29, 1864.

Power of God - The Lack of Wisdom Manifested by the World - Necessity of Teaching the Saints Upon Temporal Affairs, etc.

Second Bowery, 17 July 1864

Difference of Ideas Entertained Respecting God - The Foundation of our Religion Based Upon the New Revelation - Man Made in the Image of God - We are the Offspring of God, etc.

Second Bowery, 31 July 1864

Necessity of a Living Testimony of the Holy Ghost - How We Are to be United, etc.

General Conference
Second Bowery, 7 October 1864

Attending Meetings - Testifying to the Gospel - Preaching and Practice - All Blessings to be Obtained Through Obedience to the Gospel, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 30 October 1864

Necessity of Continued and Faithful Labor - Kingly Nature of the Priesthood - Power Attainable Through It - Condition of the Nations Contrasted With That of the Saints - Future Glory and Greatness of the Kingdom of God

Second Bowery, 6 November 1864

Temporal and Spiritual Duties of the Saints - Benefits resulting from Proper Parental Authority - Connection Betwixt Temporal and Spiritual Things - Character of Joseph the Prophet - All Blessings From the Lord

Location not given;
Probably Second Bowery,
6 November 1864

Knowledge of the Saints a Cause of Consolation Under Affliction - Children Heirs of the Kingdom of God - Power of the Gospel to Unite Parents and Children - Blessings of Obedience, etc.

Remarks made on Tuesday, Nov. 29, 1864, at the funeral of J. S. KIMBALL, Son of President H. C. KIMBALL, who departed this life on 27 Nov. 1864. (Location not given.)

Knowledge in This Life Limited. - The Lord Will Waste Away the Wicked. - People Do Not Live to Obtain That Which They Mosrt Desire. - Joseph Desired to Go to the Rocky Mountains. - More For Us Than Against Us. - Will Go to Jackson County From the West. - Exhortations to Merchants, Speculators, &c.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 11 December 1864

Ordinance of Bread and Wine. - Its Nature. - Character of God and of Jesus. - Reasons Why Death and Sin Exist. - Earthly Probation Necessary for Future Glory. - Danger of Apostacy.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 8 January 1865

Duties of the Saints - Obedience to Counsel, etc.

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 15 May 1865

Personality of God - His Attributes - Eternal Life, etc.

Second Bowery,
18 June 1865

Summary of Instructions

Remarks by President Brigham Young to the people, on his visit to Utah, Juab, and Sanpete Counties, in June and July, 1865.

Summary of Instructions

Given by President Brigham Young to the people of Box Elder and Cache Counties, Aug. 1-10, 1865.

Home Manufacturing, Merchandising, and General Economy

General Conference
Location not given, 9 October 1865

Holy Ghost Requisite to Teach tthe Truth

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 29 April 1866

Opposition Essential to Happiness

Old Adobe Tabernacle, 3 June 1866

The Gospel of Jesus Christ
Perhaps not of great historical significance but the Grampa thinks it's a wonderful melding of doctrine and practice.

Great Mormon Tabernacle, 24 April 1870

I Feel to Exhort
This is the the last public discourse delivered by President Young prior to his death ten days later.

Brigham City, Utah, 19 August 1877


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