Wilford Woodruff
1807 - 1898

ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´ ȸÀå

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ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´ ȸÀåÀÌ º¹¼ö °áÈ¥ÀÇ Á¾½ÄÀ» ¼±¾ðÇßÀ» ¶§, ±³È¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¸¹Àº ¹Ý´ë ¿îµ¿ÀÌ ÁߴܵǾú´Ù. À¯Å¸´Â ¹Ì ÇÕÁß±¹ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ´ëÀÇ¿ø Á¦µµ¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô °®Ãá ÁÖ°¡ µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© ¼ºÀüÀÌ µåµð¾î ¿Ï°øµÇ¾î Çå³³µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, Áö¿ª¿¡ ¹èºÎµÇ´Â ½Å¹®°ú Àü±¹À¸·Î ¹ßÇàµÇ´Â ½Å¹®µéÀº ±³È¸¿Í ±× ȸ¿øµéÀ» °è¼Ó ºÒ½ÅÇÏ´Â ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ º¸µµ ¿îµ¿À» ¹ú¿´´Ù.


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  • 1807³â 3¿ù 1ÀÏ ÄÚ³×ƼÄÆ ÁÖÀÇ ¿¡À̺» (ÇöÀç´Â ÆĹÖÅæ)¿¡¼­, ¾ÆÆäÅ©¿Í ºæ¶ó Åè½¼ ¿ìµå·´ »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ž
  • 1833³â 26¼¼, 12¿ù 31ÀÏ, ´º¿å ÁÖ ¸®Ä¡¸óµå ±Ùó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾óÀ½ÀÌ ¾ð °­¿¡¼­ ħ·Ê¸¦ ¹ÞÀ½
  • 1834~1836³â 27~29¼¼, ¹Ì±¹ ³²ºÎ¿¡¼­ ¼±±³ »ç¾÷À» ÇÔ
  • 1837³â 30¼¼, 4¿ù 13ÀÏ Æ÷¿¡º£ Ä«ÅÍ¿Í °áÈ¥ÇÔ; ±×³à´Â 1885³â¿¡ »ç¸ÁÇÔ
  • 1837~1838³â 30~31¼¼, ¹Ì±¹ µ¿ºÎ Áö¿ª°ú Æø½º ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå¿¡¼­ ¼±±³ »ç¾÷À» ÇÔ
  • 1839³â 32¼¼, 4¿ù 26ÀÏ ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »çµµ·Î ¼ºÀÓµÊ
  • 1839~1841³â 32~34¼¼, ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ ¼±±³ »ç¾÷À» ÇÔ
  • 1843³â 36¼¼, ¹Ì±¹ µ¿ºÎ¿¡¼­ ¼±±³ »ç¾÷À» ÇÔ
  • 1844~1846³â 36~39¼¼, À¯·´ ¼±±³ºÎ ȸÀåÀ¸·Î ºÀ»çÇÔ
  • 1847³â 40¼¼, 7¿ù 24ÀÏ¿¡ ºê¸®°Ë ¿µ°ú ÇÔ²² ±×·¹ÀÌÆ® ¼ÖÆ® ·¹ÀÌÅ© °è°îÀ¸·Î µé¾î¿È
  • 1887³â 80¼¼, 7¿ù 25ÀÏ Á¸ Å×ÀÏ·¯ ȸÀåÀÌ º°¼¼ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ ½ÊÀ̻絵 Á¤¿øȸ ȸÀåÀ¸·Î¼­ ±³È¸¸¦ ÀεµÇÔ
  • 1889³â 82¼¼, 4¿ù 7ÀÏ ±³È¸ ȸÀåÀ¸·Î ÁöÁö ¹ÞÀ½; Á¶Áö Å¥ ij³í, Á¶¼Á ¿¡ÇÁ ½º¹Ì½º´Â ȸÀå º¸Á·ΠÀ¯ÀÓµÊ
  • 1898³â 91¼¼, 9¿ù 2ÀÏ ±³È¸ ȸÀåÀ¸·Î 9³â µ¿¾È ºÀ»çÇÑ ÈÄ Ä¶¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ »÷ÇÁ¶õ½Ã½ºÄÚ¿¡¼­ º°¼¼ÇÔ

ȸÀå ÀçÀӽà ÀϾ ¿ª»çÀû »ç°Ç (1887~1898)

  • 1888³â 5¿ù 17ÀÏ, À¯Å¸ÁÖ ¸ÇŸÀÌ ¼ºÀüÀ» Çå³³ÇÔ
  • 1890³â ¡°°ø½Ä ¼±¾ð 1¡±ÀÌ ±³È¸ ȸ¿øµé¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁü; ÁÖÁß Á¾±³ ±³À°¹ÝÀÌ ½ÃÀÛµÊ
  • 1893³â ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© ¼ºÀüÀ» Çå³³ÇÔ
  • 1894³â °èº¸(°¡Á· ¿ª»ç »ç¾÷)¿Í Á×Àº ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¼ºÀü »ç¾÷À» °­Á¶ÇÔ
  • 1896³â ¸Å¿ù ù¹ø° ÀÏ¿äÀÏÀÌ ±³È¸ÀÇ ±Ý½ÄÀÏ·Î ÁöÁ¤µÊ
  • Born March 1, 1807
  • Baptized December 31, 1833
  • Ordained Priest in 1834
  • Received Melchizedek Priesthood and ordained Elder 1835
  • Mission to Tennessee and Arkansas
  • Ordained Seventy 1837
  • First Quorum of Seventy 1837-1838
  • Ordained Apostle; Quorum of the Twelve 1839-1889
  • President of the Quorum of the Twelve, 1880-1889
  • President of the Church, 1889-1898
  • Issued Manifesto suspending Plural Marriage 1890
  • Dedicated Salt Lake Temple 1893
  • Died September 2, 1898

ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´ ȸÀå

1. ¡°ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´Àº ±³È¸¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¼º°øÀûÀÎ ¼±±³»ç Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ ¼±ÁöÀÚÀûÀÎ ÅëÂû·Â°ú ±³È¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã漺½ÉÀ¸·Î À¯¸íÇß´Ù. ±×´Â »ó¼¼ÇÏ°Ô ÀÏÁö¸¦ ±â·ÏÇߴµ¥, °Å±â¿¡´Â Ãʱ⠱³È¸ ¿ª»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¹Àº ³»¿ëµéÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â Á¸ Å×ÀÏ·¯ ȸÀåÀÌ º°¼¼ÇßÀ» ¶§, ½ÊÀ̻絵 Á¤¿øȸ ȸÀåÀ¸·Î ºÀ»çÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¾à 2³â ÈÄ¿¡ ±³È¸ÀÇ È¸ÀåÀ¸·Î ÁöÁö ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.¡±

2. ¡°±×°¡ ±³È¸¸¦ ÀεµÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È, Èı⠼ºµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ ¹ÚÇØÀÇ Á¤µµ°¡ ´õ ½ÉÇØÁ³À¸³ª, ±³È¸´Â ´õ¿í ¹ßÀüÇØ ³ª°¬´Ù. ¼ºÀüÀÌ À¯Å¸ ÁÖÀÇ ¼¼ÀÎÆ® Á¶Áö, ·Î°£ ¹× ¸ÇŸÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¿î¿µµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© ¼ºÀüµµ °ÅÀÇ ¿Ï°ø ´Ü°è¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ÁýÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼öõ ¸íÀÇ ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿£´Ù¿ì¸ÕÆ®¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÇ µ¹¾Æ°¡½Å Á¶»óÀ» À§ÇØ ´ë¸® ÀǽÄÀ» ÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿ìµå·´ ȸÀåÀº Æò»ý µ¿¾È °¡Á· ¿ª»ç »ç¾÷¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» º¸¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ¼ºµµµé¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÇ Á¶»óÀ» À§ÇØ ¼ºÀü¿¡¼­ ¸¹Àº ÀǽÄÀ» ÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ±Ç°íÇÏ¿´´Ù.

3. ¡°´ÙÀ½ÀÇ À̾߱â´Â ¼ºµµµéÀÌ µ¹¾Æ°¡½Å ºÐµéÀ» À§ÇØ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´ø »ç¾÷ÀÇ Á߿伺¿¡ ´ëÇØ °­Á¶ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 1884³â 5¿ù ·Î°£ Á¦2¿ÍµåÀÇ Ç ¹ë¶óµå °¨µ¶Àº ±×ÀÇ Áý¿¡¼­ ¼ºÀü Ãßõ¼­¿¡ ¼­¸íÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹ë¶óµå °¨µ¶ÀÇ µþÀÌ Ä£±¸µé°ú ÇÔ²² Áý ±Ùó¿¡¼­ ³ë´Â Áß¿¡ µÎ ³ë½Å»ç°¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±× ¼Ò³à¸¦ ºÎ¸£´õ´Ï ½Å¹®À» ÇÑ ÀåÀ» °Ç³× ÁÖ¸ç ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Æ¹öÁö²² °®´Ù µå¸®¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.¡±

4. ¡°±× ¼Ò³à´Â ±×µéÀÌ ºÎŹÇÑ ´ë·Î ±× ½Å¹®À» ¾Æ¹öÁö¿¡°Ô ÀüÇß´Ù. ¹ë¶óµå °¨µ¶Àº ±× ½Å¹®ÀÌ ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ ¹ßÇàµÈ ´ºº£¸® À§Å¬¸® ´º½º¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, °Å±â¿¡´Â ¸¹Àº °èº¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¿Í ÇÔ²² ±×¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ Ä£ÀÎôµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸í´ÜÀÌ 60¿© °³ ÀÌ»ó ½Ç·Á ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ½Å¹®Àº 1884³â 5¿ù 15ÀÏÀÚ¿´´Âµ¥, ¹ß°£µÈ Áö °Ü¿ì 3Àϸ¸¿¡ ±×¿¡°Ô ÀüÇØÁø °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. Ç×°ø ¼ö´ÜÀÌ Àֱ⠿À·¡ ÀüÀÇ ÀÏÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ¿ìÆí¹°ÀÌ ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ ¹Ì±¹ ¼­ºÎ·Î Àü´ÞµÇ±â±îÁö´Â ¸î ÁÖ°¡ °É¸®´ø ¶§¿´´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÂüÀ¸·Î ±âÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.¡±

5. ¡°´ÙÀ½ ³¯, ¹ë¶óµå °¨µ¶Àº ±× ½Å¹®À» ¼ºÀüÀ¸·Î °¡Á®°¬À¸¸ç, ´ç½Ã ¼ºÀü ȸÀåÀ̾ú´ø ¸¶¸®³Ê ´õºí·ù ¸Þ¸±¿¡°Ô ±× ½Å¹®À» ¾ò°Ô µÈ °æÀ§¸¦ ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. ¸Þ¸± ¼ºÀü ȸÀåÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡®¹ë¶óµå ÇüÁ¦´Ô, ¼¼»ó ÀúÆí¿¡ °è½Å ´©±º°¡°¡ ±×µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¾÷ÀÌ ÇàÇØÁö±æ °£ÀýÈ÷ ¹Ù¶ó°í ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ ½Å¹®ÀÌ ÇüÁ¦´ÔÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ °Ç³×Áø´Ù¸é, ÇüÁ¦´Ô²²¼­ ±× ÀÏÀ» ÇàÇÏ½Ç °ÍÀÓÀ» Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡¯[Melvin J. Ballard; Crusader for Righteousness (1966), 16~17ÂÊ ÂüÁ¶] ±× ½Å¹®Àº À¯Å¸ ÁÖ ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ©½ÃƼ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸ ¿ª»ç µµ¼­°ü¿¡ º¸°üµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.¡±

6. ¡°±³È¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÚÇØ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, ±³È¸ÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¹ÌÁ¤ÂøÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³Ã´À» °­Á¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1885³â Ãʱâ, ¸¹Àº Èı⠼ºµµµéÀÌ Á־Ʒ¹Áî¿Í µð¾ÆÁî¿Í °°Àº °³Ã´Áö ¸¶À»µéÀ» ¼¼¿ì¸é¼­ ¸ß½ÃÄÚÀÇ ¼Ò³ë¶ó¿Í Ä¡¿ì¾ÆÈľƿ¡ Á¤ÂøÇß´Ù.¡±

7. ¡°±³È¸ ȸ¿øµéÀº °³Ã´À» À§ÇÑ Àå¼Ò·Î¼­ ºÏÂÊÀÇ Ä³³ª´Ù Áö¿ªÀ» »ìÆ캸¾Ò´Ù. ij½¬ ¹ë¸® ½ºÅ×ÀÌÅ©ÀÇ Âû½º ¿À °¡µå ½ºÅ×ÀÌÅ© ȸÀåÀº 1886³â ¾Ù¹öŸ ³²ºÎ¿¡ Èı⠼ºµµµéÀÇ °øµ¿Ã¼¸¦ ¼³¸³Çß´Ù. 1888³â °Ü¿ï±îÁö ij³ª´Ù ¼­ºÎ¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´ø Èı⠼ºµµ´Â 100¸íÀÌ ³Ñ¾úÀ¸¸ç, 1890³â´ë µ¿¾È¿¡´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº Èı⠼ºµµµéÀÌ ¿Í¼­ °ü°³ ½Ã¼³°ú öµµ °Ç¼³ »ç¾÷¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸¹Àº ±³È¸ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÌ ¾Ù¹öŸ¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀÇ Áöµµ·ÂÀ» ¹ßÀü½ÃÄÑ ³ª°¬´Ù.¡±(¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 98~100ÂÊ)

 

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8. ¡°1880³â´ë°¡ ¸·¹ÙÁö¿¡ À̸¦ ¹«·Æ, ¹Ì ÇÕÁß±¹ Á¤ºÎ´Â º¹¼ö °áÈ¥ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅõÇ¥±Ç°ú ¹è½É¿øÀ¸·Î ºÀ»çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ç¸®¸¦ ¹ÚÅ»ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ½ÉÇÏ°Ô´Â ±³È¸°¡ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø Àç»ê±îÁö Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Â Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ¹ý·ü¾ÈÀ» Åë°ú½ÃÄ×´Ù. ´õ ¸¹Àº °¡ÀåµéÀÌ ¸öÀ» ¼û±â°Ô µÊ¿¡ µû¶ó Èı⠼ºµµ °¡Á·µéÀº ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °Þ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´ ȸÀåÀº ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ Àεµ¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1890³â 9¿ù 23ÀÏ Àú³á, ¼±ÁöÀÚ´Â ¿µ°¨¿¡ µû¶ó ±³È¸ ȸ¿øµé¿¡°Ô º¹¼ö °áÈ¥À» ±ÝÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ °ø½Ä ¼±¾ðÀ» ½è´Ù. ÁÖ´Ô²²¼­´Â ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´ ȸÀå¿¡°Ô º¹¼ö °áÈ¥ÀÇ ½ÃÇàÀ» ÁßÁöÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ ¹Ì ÇÕÁß±¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ¼ºÀüÀ» °­Á¡ÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ÀÌ·¸°Ô µÇ¸é »ê ÀÚ¿Í Á×Àº ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ »ç¾÷ÀÌ ³¡³ª°Ô µÇ¸®¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ½ÃÇöÀ» ÅëÇØ º¸¿© Á̴ּÙ.¡±

9. ¡°1890³â 9¿ù 24ÀÏ, Á¦ÀÏȸÀå´Ü°ú ½ÊÀ̻絵 Á¤¿øȸ°¡ °ø½Ä ¼±¾ðÀ» ÁöÁöÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¼ºµµµéÀº 1890³â 10¿ù ¿¬Â÷ ´ëȸ¿¡¼­ ÀÌ °ø½Ä ¼±¾ðÀ» ½ÂÀÎÇß´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ÀÌ °ø½Ä ¼±¾ðÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ±³¸®¿Í ¼º¾à¿¡ °ø½Ä ¼±¾ð 1·Î ½Ç·Á ÀÖ´Ù.¡±

10. ¡°±³È¸ÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¶Ä¡¿¡ µû¶ó, ¿¬¹æ °ü¸®µéÀº º¹¼ö °áÈ¥À» ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ¹ý·üÀ» À§¹ÝÇÑ ÇøÀÇ°¡ ÀÖ´Â Èı⠼ºµµµéÀ» »ç¸éÇÑ´Ù°í °øÆ÷ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×·Î ÀÎÇØ ¸¹Àº ¹ÚÇØ¿Í Ç̹ÚÀÌ ±×ÃÆ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´ ȸÀåÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡®Çϴÿ¡ °è½Å Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ Á¦°¡ ÇàÇß´ø ÀÏÀ» Çϵµ·Ï Àú¿¡°Ô ¸íÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¼Ì´Ù¸é, Àú´Â ¸ðµç ¼ºÀüÀ» ÀÒ°í ¸»¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àú ¶ÇÇÑ °¨¿Á¿¡ °¬¾î¾ß ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéµµ ±× °÷À¸·Î °¡°Ô ÇØ¾ß Çß½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦°¡ ±×·¸°Ô Çϵµ·Ï ¸íÀ» ¹ÞÀº ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¿ÔÀ» ¶§, Àú´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ÁÖ´Ô ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¬À¸¸ç, ÁÖ´Ô²²¼­ ¸»¾¸ÇϽŠ´ë·Î ½è½À´Ï´Ù.¡¯( ¡°¼º¸í¼­¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´ ȸÀåÀÇ ¼¼ °¡Áö ¸»¾¸¿¡¼­ ¹ßÃéÇÑ ³»¿ë¡±, °ø½Ä ¼±¾ð 1 ´ÙÀ½¿¡ Ãß°¡µÊ.) º¹¼ö °áÈ¥ÀÇ °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ Áß´ÜÀº ¹Ì ÇÕÁß±¹ÀÇ ÀÇȸ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¹Ù·Î Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ Çϼ̴ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡± (¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 100~101ÂÊ)

 

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11. ¡°Èı⠼ºµµµéÀº °èº¸ Çùȸ¸¦ â¼³Çϱ⠿À·¡ ÀüºÎÅÍ µ¹¾Æ°¡½Å Á¶»óµéÀÇ »î¿¡ °üÇÑ ±â·ÏµéÀ» ¸ð¾Ò´Ù. ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´, ¿Ã½¼ ÇÁ·§ ±×¸®°í È÷¹ö Á¦ÀÌ ±×·£Æ®µµ ¼ºÀü ÀǽÄÀ» ´ë¸®·Î ÇàÇß´ø ¼öõ ¸íÀÇ Á¶»óµéÀÇ À̸§À» ¾ò¾ú´ø »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. 1894³â, Á¦ÀÏȸÀå´ÜÀº °èº¸ Çùȸ¸¦ Á¶Á÷Çϵµ·Ï Áö½ÃÇß°í, ÃÊ´ë ÁöµµÀÚ·Î ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° µð ¸®Â÷Áî Àå·Î¸¦ ºÒ·¶´Ù. µµ¼­°üÀÌ ¼³¸³µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÇùȸÀÇ ´ëÇ¥´Â ¼ºÀü ÀǽÄÀÌ ¼öÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Àü ¼¼°è·Î ¿©ÇàÇÏ¸ç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸í´ÜÀ» ã¾Æ´Ù³æ´Ù. ÀÌ Çùȸ´Â ÈÄ¿¡ ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡Á· ¿ª»çºÎ·Î ¹ßÀüÇß´Ù.¡±

12. ¡°1894³â 4¿ù ¿¬Â÷ ´ëȸ¿¡¼­ ¿ìµå·´ ȸÀåÀº °èº¸ »ç¾÷¿¡ °üÇÑ °è½Ã¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù°í ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ Èı⠼ºµµµéÀÌ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇàÇϱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ó½Å´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡®Çϳª´Ô²²¼­´Â ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ, ÃÖ¼±À» ´ÙÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °èº¸¸¦ ã¾Æ¼­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿¡°Ô ÀκÀµÇ±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ó¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÚ³àµéµµ ±×µéÀÇ ºÎ¸ð¿¡°Ô ÀκÀ µÇ±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ó¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÚ³àµéµµ ±×µéÀÇ ºÎ¸ð¿¡°Ô ÀκÀµÇµµ·Ï ÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ³¡±îÁö ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀκÀÀÇ ²öÀÌ ¿¬°áµÇ°Ô ÇϽʽÿÀ. ¡¦ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ ±×ºÐÀÇ ¹é¼ºµé¿¡°Ô ¹Ù¶ó½Ã´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í Àú´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇØ º¼ ¶§, ±×°ÍÀÌ Áø½ÇÇÔÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.¡¯[in Clark, comp., Messages of the First Presidency, 3:256~257] Èı⠼ºµµµéÀº Áö±Ýµµ °è¼Ó ÀڽŵéÀÇ µ¹¾Æ°¡½Å Á¶»óµéÀÇ ±â·ÏÀ» ã°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À§Çؼ­µµ ¼ºÀü ÀǽÄÀ» ¹Þµµ·Ï ±Ç°í ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù.¡±

13. ¡°1885³âºÎÅÍ 1900³â±îÁö, ¸¹Àº ±³È¸ ȸ¿øµéÀÌ °èº¸ ¼±±³»ç·Î ºÀ»çÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ©½ÃƼ·Î ÃÊ´ëµÇ¾î ÃÑ°ü¸® ¿ª¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×µéÀÇ »ç¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃູÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×µé¿¡°Ô´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¼±±³»ç Ä«µå¿Í ½ÂÀμ­°¡ Á¦°øµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ģôÀ» ¹æ¹®ÇÏ°í, ¹«´ý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹¦ºñ¿¡¼­ À̸§À» ±â·ÏÇÏ°í, Áö¹æ ÇàÁ¤ °üûÀÇ ±â·Ï°ú °¡Á· ¼º°æÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ°í, ¼ºÀü »ç¾÷ÀÌ ¼öÇàµÇµµ·Ï ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ªÁø Á¤º¸µéÀ» °¡Áö°í ±×µéÀÇ ÁýÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¼±±³»çµéÀÌ ÁÖ´ÔÀÌ ±×µé°ú ÇÔ²²ÇϽøç Á¾Á¾ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ü·Ã ÀÚ·áµéÀ» Áö½ÃÇØ ÁֽŴٴ °­ÇÑ È®½ÅÀ» °®°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¿µÀûÀÎ °æÇèÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ±â·ÏÇÏ¿´´Ù.¡±[James B. Allen, Jessie L. Embry, Kahile B. Mehr, Hearts Turned to the Fathers: A History of the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1894~1994 (1995), 39~41ÂÊ ÂüÁ¶] (¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 101~102ÂÊ)

 

¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© ¼ºÀüÀÇ Çå³³

14. ¡°ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´ ȸÀåÀº ±×ÀÇ »ý¾ÖÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀ» ¼ºÀü »ç¾÷¿¡ Çå½ÅÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ¼¼ÀÎÆ® Á¶Áö ¼ºÀüÀÇ ÃÊ´ë ¼ºÀü ȸÀåÀ¸·Î ºÀ»çÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¸ÇŸÀÌ ¼ºÀüÀ» Çå³³ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¼ÖÆ®·¹ÀÌÅ© ¼ºÀüÀÇ Ãʼ®ÀÌ ¼¼¿öÁø Áö 40³âÀÌ Áö³­ ÈÄ, ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´ ȸÀåÀº ÀÌ ¿ª»çÀûÀÎ ¼ºÀüÀÇ Çå³³À» Å« ±â´ë¸¦ °¡Áö°í ±â´Ù·È´Ù. ¼ºÀü Çå³³½ÄÀº 1893³â 4¿ù 6ÀϺÎÅÍ 18ÀϱîÁö ¾à 75,000¿© ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Âü¼®ÇÑ °¡¿îµ¥ ¿­·È´Ù.¡±[Roberts, Comprehensive History of the Church, 6:236ÂÊ ÂüÁ¶]

15. ¡°4¿ù 6ÀÏ Ã¹ ¹ø Çå³³½ÄÀÌ ³¡³ª°í ¿ìµå·´ ȸÀåÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÏÁö¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ±â·ÏÇß´Ù. ¡®Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿µ°ú ±Ç¼¼°¡ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÀÓÇß´Ù. ¿¹¾ð°ú °è½ÃÀÇ ¿µÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÀÓÇß°í, »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸¶À½Àº °¨µ¿À¸·Î °¡µæ áÀ¸¸ç, ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀÌ ¿ì¸® ¾Õ¿¡ ÆîÃÄÁ³´Ù.¡¯[ ¡°Wilford Woodruff Journals¡±(1833~1839) 1893³â 4¿ù 6ÀÏ, Èı⠼ºµµ ¼­°í; öÀÚ¿Í ±¸µÎÁ¡Àº Çö´ë½Ä¿¡ ¸Â°Ô °íÃÆÀ½] ¸î¸î Èı⠼ºµµµéÀº õ»ç¸¦ º¸¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ¹Ì µ¹¾Æ°¡½Å ±³È¸ ȸÀå°ú ±³È¸ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀ» º» ¼ºµµµéµµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.¡±[Richard Neitzel Holzapfel, Every Stone a Sermon (1992), 71, 75, 80ÂÊ ÂüÁ¶]

16. ¡°¿ìµå·´ ȸÀåÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ 90¹ø° »ýÀÏ ÃàÇÏ ¸ðÀÓ¿¡ Âü¼®ÇßÀ» ¶§, ¼öõ ¸íÀÇ ÁÖÀÏÇб³ ¾î¸°À̵éÀÌ ÅÛÇà ½ºÄù¾î¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Å×¹ö³»Å¬¿¡ ¸ð¿© ±×¸¦ ÃàÇÏÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â Å©°Ô °¨µ¿ÇÏ¿©, °¨°Ý½º·¯¿î ¸ñ¼Ò¸®·Î ±×°¡ ¿­ »ì ¶§ °³½Å±³ÀÇ ÁÖÀÏÇб³¿¡ Âü¼®ÇØ »çµµ¿Í ¼±ÁöÀÚ¿¡ °üÇØ Àоú´ø À̾߱⸦ ¾î¸° ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô µé·Á ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ÁýÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Í Çϳª´Ô²² »ì¾Æ »ýÀü¿¡ ÀÌ Áö»ó¿¡¼­ ÇÑ ¹ø ´õ »çµµ¿Í ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ´Þ¶ó°í °£±¸Çß´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ±×´Â »çµµ¿Í ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀÌ ÇÔ²² ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡ ¼­ ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ±âµµ´Â ¿©·¯ Â÷·Ê ÀÀ´äµÇ¾ú´Ù.¡±[Matthias F. Cowley, Willford Woodruff(1909), 602ÂÊ ÂüÁ¶]

17. ¡°±×·ÎºÎÅÍ 1³â ÈÄÀÎ 1898³â 9¿ù 2ÀÏ¿¡ ¿ìµå·´ ȸÀåÀº »÷ÇÁ¶õ½Ã½ºÄÚ¸¦ ¹æ¹®ÇÏ´ø Áß¿¡ ¿î¸íÀ» ´Þ¸®Çß´Ù.¡±(¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯»ê, 102ÂÊ)

 

ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú °£Áõ

18. ¡°¿ì¸®´Â Èı⠼ºµµµéÀÌ Áö±ÝºÎÅÍ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °èº¸¸¦ ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ÃßÀûÇÏ°í, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºÎ¸ð´Ôµé¿¡°Ô ÀκÀµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ¿©, ÀÌ °í¸®°¡ ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ¸Ö¸®±îÁö À̾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇϽʽÿÀ.¡±(Discourses of Willford Woodruff, ed. G. Homer Durham[1990], 157)

19. ¡°³ª´Â ³ªÀÇ ¾î¸° Ä£±¸ÀÎ ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô »ç¹«¿¤ÀÌ ±×·¨´ø °Íó·³ ¾ÆÁ÷ ¾î¸± ¶§¿¡, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À½¼º¿¡ ±Í¸¦ ±â¿ïÀÌ°í ±× À½¼º¿¡ ¼øÁ¾Çϵµ·Ï ±Ç°íÇÏ°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© À§´ëÇÏ°í ÈǸ¢ÇÏ°í ¾µ¸ð°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÁÖ´Ô°ú ºÎ¸ð´Ô°ú ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ »ç¶û ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö Àֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. ºÎ¸ð´Ô¿¡°Ô ¼øÁ¾ÇÏ°í ±×µéÀ» °ø°æÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿©·¯ºÐÀº Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ ¾à¼ÓÇϽŠÀ§´ëÇÑ ÃູÀ» ¾ò°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ¡¦¡±

20. ¡° ¡¦ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº Áö±Ý ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Àλý¿¡¼­ ÇÑâ ¶§ÀÌÀÚ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ½Ã±â¿¡, ÀÌÁ¦±îÁö Àΰ£ÀÌ »ì¾Ò´ø ±× ¾î¶² ½Ã±âº¸´Ùµµ Áß¿äÇÑ °æ·ûÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡¼­ ´«¿¡ ¶ç´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ ÀλýÀÇ ¹«´ë·Î °É¾î³ª°¥ ±â¹ÝÀ» ´Û°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀåÂ÷ »ì°Ô µÉ ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ Àλý°ú »ç¶÷µé °¡¿îµ¥¼­ Çà»çÇÏ°Ô µÉ ¿µÇâ·Â°ú, ±×¸®°í Çö¼¼¿Í ¿µ¿øÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ ¿î¸íÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀþÀº ½ÃÀý¿¡ ³õ´Â ±â¹Ý¿¡ Å©°Ô ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÁøÁöÇÏ°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÖ°Ô ¸»¾¸µå¸± ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.¡±(Discourses of Willford Woodruff, 265~266)

21. ¡°ÀÌ Áö»ó°ú Áö»óÀÇ ÁÖ¹Îµé °¡¿îµ¥¿¡´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ ¼¼·ÂÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï, ±×°ÍÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¼¼·Â°ú ¾Ç¸¶ÀÇ ¼¼·ÂÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸® ¿ª»ç¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ¾ÆÁÖ Æ¯º°ÇÑ °æÇèÀ» Çß½À´Ï´Ù. Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ Áö»ó¿¡ ¹é¼ºµéÀ» ¼¼¿ì¼ÌÀ» ¶§, ¾ÆħÀÇ ¾Æµé, ·ç½ÃÆÛ¿Í Çϴÿ¡¼­ ÂѰܳ­ ¼ö¸¹Àº Ÿ¶ôÇÑ ¿µµéÀÌ Çϳª´Ô, ±×¸®½ºµµ, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ »ç¾÷, ±×¸®°í Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¹é¼ºµéÀ» ´ëÀûÇÏ¿© ½Î¿òÀ» ¹ú¿´´ø ½Ã´ë°¡ ¾ðÁ¦¿´´ÂÁö´Â Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ë¿Í ¼¼´ë¿¡µµ ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â µ¥ Á¶±Ýµµ ÁÖÀúÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ÁÖ²²¼­ ¾î¶² »ç¾÷À» Âø¼öÇÏ½Ç ¶§¸¶´Ù, ÀÌµé ¼¼·ÂÀº ±× ÀÏÀ» Àüº¹½ÃÅ°°íÀÚ ³ë·ÂÇß½À´Ï´Ù.¡±( ¡°Remarks Made at the General Conference on the Afternoon of Monday, 1896³â 10¿ù 5ÀÏ, in the Tabernacle, Salt lake City,¡±Deseret Evening News, 1896³â 10¿ù 17ÀÏ, 9ÂÊ)

22. ¡°¿ì¸®´Â Áö±¸ »ó¿¡ »ì¾Ò´ø ¾î´À ´©±¸º¸´Ùµµ Áß¿äÇÑ ¼¼´ë¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿¹¾ð°ú °è½Ã¸¦ ¼ºÃë½ÃÅ°´Â, ¿ì¸® ´« ¾Õ¿¡ ÆîÃÄÁö´Â Áß¿äÇÑ ÀϵéÀ» ±â·ÏÀ¸·Î ³²°Ü³õ¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.¡±(Wilfird Woodruff¡¯s Journal, 1833~1898 Typescript, ed. Scott. G. Kenny, 9 vols. [1983~1985], 4:444; öÀÚ´Â Çö´ë½ÄÀ¸·Î °íÃÆÀ½)

23. ¡°Çϳª´ÔÀ» ½Å·ÚÇÏ°í ±×ºÐÀÇ ¾à¼ÓÀ» ¹ÏÀ¸½Ê½Ã¿À. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Â ºû°ú Áø¸®¿¡ µû¶ó »ýÈ°ÇϽʽÿÀ. ±×·¯¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ »ý»ç¿Í °ü°è¾øÀÌ ¸ðµç ÀÏÀº Àß µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡±(Discourses of Willford Woodruff, 260)

24. ¡°³ª´Â ±¸ÁÖ²²¼­ ±×¸¦ µû¸£´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¸ð¹üÀ» º¸¿©ÁֽŠ´ë·Î, ¸¸¹° À§¿¡ ¿ì¶Ò ¼­½Ã±â À§ÇØ ¸¸¹°º¸´Ù ³·¾ÆÁö½Å ±×ºÐÀÇ »ýÀ» Ç×»ó ¿ì·¯·¯ º¸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¡¦ ½½Ç ÀÏó·³ º¸ÀÌ´Â °Íµéµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±¸ÁÖ²²¼­´Â ¸¸¹°º¸´Ù ³ô¾ÆÁö½Ã±â À§ÇØ ¸¸¹°º¸´Ù ³·¾ÆÁö½Ç ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡± (Discourses of Willford Woodruff, 4)

25. ¡°³ª´Â ¾î¶² Ưº°ÇÑ Àº»ç¿Í ÀºÇý¿Í °è½Ã¸¦ ¹Þ°í ¼º¿ªÀ» º£Ç® ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃູÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù¸¸ ÀÇÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼º½ÅÀÇ ÀÛ°í Á¶¿ëÇÑ À½¼º¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.¡±(Discourses of Willford Woodruff, 45)

 

ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´ÀÇ »ý¾Ö¿¡¼­ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ Áß¿äÇÑ »ç°Çµé

1833³â¿¡ ÁÖ´Ô²²¼­´Â ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´À» ½ÊÀ̻絵 Á¤¿øȸ ȸ¿øÀ¸·Î ºÎ¸£¼ÌÀ¸¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ ±×¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ½ÊÀ̻絵 Á¤¿øȸÀÇ È¸¿øµéÀ» ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ ¼±±³ »ç¾÷À» Çϵµ·Ï ºÎ¸£¼Ì´Ù.(±³¸®¿Í ¼º¾à 118Æí ¸Ó¸®±Û, 3~4, 6Àý ÂüÁ¶) ¿ìµå·´ Àå·Î´Â¡°¹Ù´Ù¡±¸¦ °Ç³Ê ¿µ±¹À¸·Î °¬À¸¸ç, ¼öõ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±³È¸·Î °³Á¾½ÃÅ°´Â¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. 1840³â¿¡´Â, 5°³¿ù µ¿¾È ¿ìµå·´ Àå·Î¿Í ±×ÀÇ µ¿¹ÝÀÚµéÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ» ÅëÇØ ¿µ±¹ÀÇ È÷¾îÆ÷µå¼Å Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ 1800¸í ÀÌ»óÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Ä§·Ê¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÇÔ²² ¸ð¿© ±âµµÇß´ø ¾à 600¸í °¡·®ÀÇ ÇÑ ±×·ìµµ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ. ¿ìµå·´ Àå·Î´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ±â·ÏÇß´Ù. ¡°ÀÌ °÷ È÷µåÆ÷¼Å¾î ¼±±³ºÎ¿¡¼­ ÀÖ¾ú´ø À̾߱âÀÇ Àü¸ð´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿µÀÇ ÀÛ°í Á¶¿ëÇÑ À½¼º°ú ¼º½ÅÀÇ °è½Ã¿¡ ±Í¸¦ ±â¿ïÀÌ´Â ÀÏÀÇ Á߿伺À» µå·¯³»°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ºû°ú Áø¸®¸¦ À§ÇØ ±âµµµå·ÈÀ¸¸ç, ÁÖ´Ô²²¼­´Â ³ª¸¦ ±×µé¿¡°Ô º¸³»¼Ì´Ù.¡±(in Matthias F. Cowley, Wilford Woodruff, Fourth President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: History of His Life and Labors As Recorded in His Daily Journals[1964], 120)

1856³â¿¡ ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´ Àå·Î´Â ±³È¸ ¿ª»ç°¡·Î ºÎ¸§ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ±³È¸´Â 7,000¿© ÂÊ¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â ±×ÀÇ °³ÀÎ ÀÏÁö¸¦ ¼ÒÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, °Å±â¿¡´Â ¼±ÁöÀÚ Á¶¼Á ½º¹Ì½º°¡ Æò»ý µ¿¾È °¡¸£ÃÆ´ø ¸¹Àº °¡¸£Ä§°ú ±× µ¿¾È ÀÖ¾ú´ø »ç°ÇµéÀÌ ¼ö·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ºÎ¸§À̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ¡°¾Ç¸¶´Â ³»°¡ ž´ø ³¯ºÎÅÍ Áö±Ý±îÁö ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûº¸´Ù ³» ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ´õ ³ë·È´Ù. ¾Ç¸¶°¡ ³ª¸¦ Ç¥ÀûÀ¸·Î »ï¾Ò´ø °Í °°´Ù. ±×¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ÇÑ °¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯ ¹Û¿¡ »ý°¢ÇØ ³¾ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ³»°¡ ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ Èı⠼ºµµ ±³È¸¿¡ µé¾î¿Ã °æ¿ì ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÏ°í, ¼±ÁöÀÚµé, ±×¸®°í »çµµ ¹× Àå·ÎµéÀÇ ¾÷Àû°ú °¡¸£Ä§À» ³²±æ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ç¸¶°¡ ¾Ë¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÎ °Í °°´Ù.¡±(in Cowley, Wilford Woodruff, 477)

¿ìµå·´ Àå·Î°¡ ¼¼ÀÎÆ® Á¶Áö ¼ºÀü ȸÀåÀ¸·Î ºÀ»çÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È, ¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ Ãâ¹üÇϵµ·Ï µµ¿òÀ» ÁØ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿µÀÇ ¹æ¹®À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¼ºÀü »ç¾÷ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöµµ·Ï ºÎŹÇß´Ù. ¿ìµå·´ Àå·Î´Â À̵é°ú º¹À½ÀÌ È¸º¹µÇ±â Àü¿¡ Á×Àº Å©¸®½ºÅäÆÛ ÄÝ·³¹ö½º ¹× Áß¿äÇÑ Á¾±³ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀ» ºñ·ÔÇÏ¿© ±âŸ ¿ª»çÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¼ºÀü »ç¾÷À» ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ» µµ¿Ô´Ù.(Journal of Discourses 19:229 ÂüÁ¶)

ÀªÆ÷µå ¿ìµå·´ ȸÀåÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀλýÀ» µ¹ÀÌÄÑ º¸¸é¼­ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ±â·ÏÇß´Ù. ¡°³» »ý¾Ö¿¡´Â ³»°¡ È®½ÇÇÏ°Ô ¹Ï´Â Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ Á÷Á¢ °³ÀÔÇÏ½Ã¾î °ÉÀ½ °ÉÀ½¸¶´Ù ³ª¸¦ ÀεµÇØ Á̴ּٴ °ÍÀ» ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¸»ÇØ ÁÖ´Â ¸¹Àº »ç°ÇµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. 27ÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ºÐ¸íÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼­ ³ª´Â »ý¸íÀ» À§ÇùÇÏ´Â À§ÇèÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» °ÇÁú ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.¡±(in Cowley, Wilford Woodruff, vi)

    Wilford Woodruff was the Fourth President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He was born March 1, 1807 in Farmington, Hartford County, Connecticut, one of eight sons and one daughter born to Apheck Woodruff and his wife, Beulah Thompson Woodruff. By trade, he followed his father and became a miller and later a farmer. Wilford became interested in religion at an early age and spent many hours in study and prayer. Living in Richland, Oswego County, New York, he was visited by two Elders who were tracting the area. The Gospel's message resonated with Wilford, and after attending a meeting that night he was baptized December 31, 1833. By April of the following year, he was in Kirtland where he met the Prophet Joseph Smith for the first time.

    Scarcely had he arrived in Kirtland when he was recruited to serve in Zion's Camp, a military company called to help the Saints who had been driven from their homes in Missouri, which he did with honor. Arriving back in Kirtland, he was ordained a Priest and called to a mission in which he labored in Arkansas, Tennessee, and Kentucky. [On April 4, 1835 he wa ordained an elder by Warren Parrish, near Memphis, Tennessee. Then on April 21, 1836, while on his mission learned from David W. Patten that he has been called to membership in the Second Quorum of Seventy. Scarcely a month later on May 31, he was actually ordained a seventy by D. W. Patten and Warren Parrish. He became a General Authority as he was called and ordained to First Quorum of Seventy at Kirtland, taking his place January 3, 1837. It is interesting that President Woodruff does not appear on the lists of the First Quorum of the Seventy but the call is unequivocably mentioned in the frontispiece of his Journal of Discourses.]

    Another mission sent him to the Fox Islands off the coast of Maine. His mission there was ended when in 1838 he was called to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. It was, however, April 26, 1839 before Brigham Young ordained him to the Apostleship replacing William E. M'lellin, who had apostatized. Shortly after his ordination he began the first of two missions to England where he enjoyed considerable success.

    Wilford Woodruff escaped numerous accidents and assaults by demonic powers. On one occasion he was assaulted by an evil spirit that almost choked him to death. He was freed by "three personages dressed in white." He also suffered at divers times broken bones in his arms and legs. He split his foot with an ax, was bitten by a rabid dog, and was pinned under and crushed by falling trees. He suffered from blood poisoning occasioned while skinning an ox that had been killed with poison. He survived a train wreck, He was nearly drowned, was frozen and scalded. Truly the hand of the Lord is visible in preserving Wilford's life.

    An inveterate writer and diarist, Wilford Woodruff's journals are invaluable to the historian of the early days of the restoration. He served many years as historian and clerk to the Council of the Twelve. He was appointed to the Council of Fifty.

    Wilford Woodruff was a member of the Pioneer Company of Saints who arrived in the valley of the Great Salt Lake on July 24, 1847. He served in the Utah Territorial Legislature for twenty-two years.

    With the death of death of President Brigham Young in 1877, the Quorum of the Twelve assumed the leadership of the Church with John Taylor as President of the Quorum. When, three years later in 1880, President John Taylor became President of the Church, Wilford Woodruff became President of the Twelve.

    When John Taylor died in 1887, Wilford Woodruff began a two year period during which he led the Church as President of the Quorum of the Twelve. At the April Conference of 1889, Wilford Woodruff was sustained as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

    It was a crucial period of Church history. The Saints were being prosecuted severely because of Plural Marriage. Indeed, John Taylor had died while in hiding or "exile" from federal officers. President Woodruff himself was in seclusion. President Woodruff "wrestled mightily with the Lord" before receiving a vision showing the consequences of preserving Plural Marriage. On September 24, 1890, he issued the famous "Manifesto" which announced the end of Plural Marriage as a practice of the Church. The general conference of 6 October 1890 was an emotionally charged and dramatic event. For years, Church authorities had publicly and privately expressed the conviction that the Latter-day Saints would not vote to sustain a document like the Manifesto, and George Q. Cannon¡¯s diary indicated that President Woodruff was afraid they would not do so today.

    To prepare the way, he had them first sustain officially the familiar Articles of Faith, written by Joseph Smith, with its now particularly significant twelfth article that previously had been honored more in the breach than the observance: "We believe in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers, and magistrates, in obeying, honoring, and sustaining the law." As the Manifesto was next read to the capacity crowd in the Salt Lake Tabernacle, tears streamed down Wilford Woodruff¡¯s cheeks, nearly everyone in the audience wept, and the women "seemed to feel worse than the brethren."

    President Woodruff was privileged to dedicate the Salt Lake Temple in 1893. The great expenses of the federal persecution and the building of the temple combined in 1893 to place the Church's finances in extreme jeopardy. It was while laboring under the yoke of the Church's debt and destitution that President Woodruff died on September 2, 1898.


Bibliography
    Andrew Jenson,
LDS Biographical Encyclopedia, Vol. 1, p.20 (principal source)
   
Encyclopedia of Mormonism, Vol.4, WOODRUFF, WILFORD
    Lyndon W. Cook,
The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith, p.235
    Lawrence R. Flake,
Prophets and Apostles of the Last Dispensation, p.43
   
2005 Church Almanac, p.53


Selected Discourses and Writings

Proclamation to the Nations
Note: Issued by the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, apparently in conformity to the revelation given in the Doctrine and Covenants, Section 124; verses 1-11, this writing was, however, neither authored nor issued by Joseph Smith. Rather, it seems to have been penned by Elder Wilford Woodruff, and issued by the Twelve.

Millennial Star
22 October 1845

Blessings. Trials, and Obedience
Note: This is the earliest address by Elder Wilford Woodruff that the Grampa has been able to locate. It was delivered in the Bowery in what was then called Great Salt Lake City. The occasion seems to be the return of numerous missionaries from the eastern states, Canada, and Europe.

The Bowery
Great Salt Lake City
27 September 1857

Dealings of God with Man
Note: This discourse was delivered by President Wilford Woodruff on 7 April 1889 immediately after the Solemn Assembly of the 59th Annual General Conference had sustained him as President of the Church. He had, of course, by this time, already led the Church for two years as President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.

General Conference
The Great Mormon Tabernacle
7 April 1889

The Maifesto: Presentation and Commentary
Note: President Wilford Woodruff is, perhaps, best known as the Prophet who issued the Manifesto (Also known as Official Declaration -1) Presiding Bishop Newell K. Whitney read the Manifesto to the 61st Semiannual General Conference of the Church. Then Lorenzo Snow, Second Counslor in the First Presidency, moved that the Conference accept it "as authoritative and binding." The motion was carried unanimously.

    President George Q. Cannon, First Counselor in the First Presidency and President Wilford Woodruff then addressed the Saints on the matter. Both of their addresses are presented here.

General Conference
The Great Mormon Tabernacle
6 October 1890

A Grand Slam
Note: Yup; it's a four-bagger! At the 68th Annual General Conference, President Wilford Woodruff delivered four discourses, remarkable for their power and intensity. They would be the last he ever delivered in a General Conference setting as he died five months later. Here, then, are the four. Look for historical insights, the power of his testimony, and spiritual gems strewn along the way!

General Conference
The Great Mormon Tabernacle
6-10 April 1898


Grampa Bill's General Authority Pages